IXOPS. 307 
Genus IXOPS Hodgson, 1844. 
The genus /wops is very close to Actinodura, differing only in 
having a comparatively shorter tail and the tail-feathers less 
graduated. Species of this genus extend from Nepal eastwards to 
Formosa. In the case of this genus it is not easy to decide 
whether the different forms should be treated as species or sub- 
species. There are four quite distinct birds in which the 
material at present available shows no intergrading. These are 
two rufous-breasted birds, one striped and one unstriped, a 
third striped grey bird and a fourth with a grey breast with 
brown centres. There seems, however, to be no intervening area 
in which a half-way form occurs. At the same time no two of 
these forms are found breeding in the same area and, therefore, 
for the present, I keep them as geographical races, or subspecies, 
only. 
Txops nipalensis. 
Key to Subspecies. 
A. Chin, throat and breast not striped; [p. 307. 
head with pale streaks .............. Ivops nipalensis nipalensis, 
B. Chin, throat and breast — streaked ; 
feathers of head with pale edges. 
a. Chin, throat and breast rufous with 
darker centres. 
«'. Upper parts rufcus; ear-coverts sil- 
VOLVO rie hago oe aid = obey sus) = 2 Ivops n. waldeni, p. 308. 
b'. Upper parts deep rufous er maroon- 
brown; ear-coverts dark grey .... Lvops n. poliotis, p. 809. 
). Chin, throat and breast grey with 
HLOWMNGENMESE Get sisia syed le eho = Ixops n. daflaensis, p. 509. 
Fig. 56.—Head of J. 2. nipalensis, 
(326) Ixops nipalensis nipalensis. 
Tus Hoary Bar-wine. 
Cinclosoma nipalensis Hodgs., As. Res., xix, p. 145 (1836) (Nepal). 
Ixops nepalensis. Blanf. & Oates, 1, p. 208. 
Vernacular names. /annio-pho (Lepcha). 
Description. Forehead and crest coffee-brown, with long pale 
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