340 VIMALIIDA, 
Key to Subspecies. 
A. Upper parts greenish, more or less 
marked with black from crown to 
rump, the bases of the feathers [p. 340. 
showing through as greenish .... 2’. tiphia tiphia, 3 breeding, 
B. Whole upper plumage from crown 
to rump black, bases showing [p. 342. 
through as bright yellow ........ ME. t. zeylonica, 3 breeding, 
C. Upper parts mostly black but with 
a great deal of yellow showing 
through, especially on nape...... ME. t. humei, $ breeding, p. 342. 
D. Above rather dark yellowish green, [p. 341. 
tail black. ...scssasacescracees Al, tthe, g non-breeding, 
E. Above a still darker shade, tail [p. 342. 
place Teen pine eee etored cea AL. t. zeylonica, § non-breeding, 
I. Above paler, more yellowish, tail [p. 343. 
STOOD ie eae vee Pigs eae Sees AL, t. humet, 3 non-breeding, 
+. Above greenish yellow .......... 46. t. tuphia, 2, p. 341. 
H. Above darker greenish .,........ A, t. zeylonica, 2, p. 342. 
I. Above very pale dull greenish 
yellow yschir eno Dente oh ieee fi 44. t. humei, 2, p. 342. 
A. t. scapularis is the Javan form which is probably the same 
as those from Sumatra, Borneo and South Malaya. Birds from 
Siam, Cochin China and further east are very richly coloured 
and orange below, whilst those from Annam are again somewhat 
difterent, the females being very grey on the breast and flanks. 
Fig, 64.—Head of 2. ¢. tiphia. 
(362) Aigithina tiphia tiphia. 
Tur Common Iora. 
Motacilla tiphia Linn., 8. N., p. 186 (1758) (Bengal). 
Lygithina tiphia. Blanf. & Oates, i, p. 230. 
Vernacular names. Shoubiga or Shoubigi (Hind.); Patsu-jitta 
(Tel.); Pachapora (Tam.); Cha-tuk, Taphika, Fatickja-tonfik 
(Beng.); Barsat-Sorat (Assamese); Daotisha gurrmo gadeba 
(Cachari); Jnga-ruina (Kacha Naga); Vohjong pong (Mikir); 
Shwe-pi-so (Burmese), 
Description.—Male breeding. Lores, forehead, crown, back, 
upper tail-coverts and tail black, the bases of the feathers yellow- 
green and showing through on the back; rump green; wings 
black with two wide bars of white, formed by the median coverts 
and tips of greater; edges of inner secondaries white; outer 
