MOLPASTES. 383 
ce’, Chin, throat and upper 
breast deep black........ M., h, burmanicus, p. 885. 
d'', Chin and upper throat only 
IMG “4eosndnondqagocugoe M. h. nigripileus, p. 386. 
ec’, Ear-coverts whitish like the 
lower plumage ; point of chin 
only bincle (cesses ace se M. h. chrysorrhoides, p. 387. 
d. Black of crown extending into hind- 
neck and back and not sharply 
defined from brown of latter. 
d'. Black extending far on to back 
ANG DLCASG: 1.) levers ius opr sis suet * M.h. bengalensis, p. 387. 
e'. Black extending only on to hind- 
neck and shading into brown on 
PRCAG UMM Nees teres rsericts foasuenos M. h. intermedius, p. 389. 
A, Under tail-coverts yellow. 
c. Forehead and long crest  hair- 
brown, each feather edged with [p. 589. 
greyish white ............+..+ M., leucogenys leucogenys, 
d. Forehead and crown black; no 
OREM ghooocood odo FOOD ae RODOr M. |. lewcotis, p. 390. 
e. Forehead and crown with short 
full, Grek doliveale “Gy ococésusouc Mz, 1. humnii, p. 891. 
(398) Molpastes hemorrhous hemorrhous. 
Tue Cryton Rep-vENTED BULBUL. 
Muscicapa hemorrhous Gmel., 8. N., i, p. 941 (1789) (Ceylon). 
Molpastes hemorrhous. Blanf. & Oates, i, p. 268. 
Vernacular names. Bulbul or Bulbuli (Hind.); Pigh-prtta 
(Tel.) ; Konda-late (Tam.). 
Description. The whole head, chin and throat deep black, 
sharply defined at the back of the head; neck, back, wing-coverts, 
scapulars and breast brown, each feather narrowly margined with 
whitish ; rump plain brown ; upper tail-coverts white ; tail brown 
at base, darkening and becoming black towards the end, tipped 
white; wing-quills brown, very narrowly margined with whitish ; 
sides of body and flanks brown fading to almost white on abdomen; 
under tail-coverts crimson; shafts of tail-feathers whitish beneath. 
Colours of soft parts. Iris hazel to dark brown; bill black; 
legs and feet dark brown to black. 
Measurements. Total length about 200 mm.; wing 89 to 
95 mm.; tarsus about 21 mm.; culmen about 15mm. 
Distribution. Ceylon and South India, Travancore and Mysore. 
North about up to 18° on the East and to about 20° on the West. 
Nidification. This Bulbul breeds over the whole of its area in 
the plains and the foot-hills of the various ranges up to about 
2,000 feet, ascending much higher than this in any hills where big 
towns, cultivation and big open plains have usurped the plave of 
jungles and forests. In Ceylon they are commonly found up to 
