OTOCOMPSA. 397 
Distribution. South Chin Hills and South Kachin Hills to 
Tenasserim, Arrakan and the whole of the Central Hills of 
Burma, Siam and Shan States. Andamans and Nicobars. 
This form is another of the interesting cases in which birds 
from the two extremities of a range are nearer than they are to 
those in the centre. In India we have a horseshoe of which 
Assam and the Chin Hills may be said to form the centre, whilst 
Ceylon and the Malay Peninsula form the two extremities. 
Evolution has evidently gone on on similar lines with very similar 
results in the two latter places, though we need not inter from 
this that these extremities were ever linked together. 
Nidification. Though there is little on record in regard to 
this form, its nests and eggs, habits of breeding, ete. seem to 
differ in no way from those of the Indian birds. {fn the South 
it lays two or three eggs, in the North three and more rarely four. 
A large series sent me by one of my collectors from Pegu 
are exactly like a series from Madras and measure on an average 
for forty eggs 20:0 x 15°9 mmm. 
The breeding season seems to be February to April but doubt- 
less extends over a much longer period than this. 
Habits. Takes the place in Burmese gardens, villages and 
towns of O. e. emeria in Northern India etc. and of the Madras 
bird in Southern India. It is not found in forest or any kind of 
heavy jungle. 
(413) Otocompsa flaviventris flaviventris. 
Tin BLACK-CRESTED YELLOW BULBUL, 
Vanga flaviventris Vick., J.A.S.B., ii, p. 578 (1833) (Dholbhum). 
Otocompsa flaviventris. Blanf. & Oates, i, p. 278. 
Vernacular names. Puhariya kangdhara (Gorakpur); Mandiph- 
hur (Lepcha) ; Hagrani Dao-bulip (Cachari). 
Description. Head, with long crest, chin and throat glossy 
black ; upper plumage and wing-coverts olive-yel.ow, brighter on 
the rump and upper tail-coverts; quill-feathers of wing brown, 
primaries and outer secondaries edged with olive-yellow and inner 
secondaries with all, or nearly all, the outer webs of this colour ; 
tail brown, the feathers edged with olive-yellow for nine-tenths 
of their length ; whole plumage below and sides of neck bright 
King’s yellow. 
Colours of soft parts. Irides bright pale yellow; bill dark 
horny, culmen and tip almost black and the gape dull yellowish ; 
legs brown or grey-brown. 
Measurements. Total length 180 to 190 mm.; wing 78 (Q) 
to 90 (6) mm.; tail about 81 mm.; tarsus about 16 mm.; 
culmen about 13 mm, 
Distribution. The Himalayas from the Sutlej Valley to East 
Assam ; the forests of the Central Provinces ; Orissa, South of the 
