TOLE. 405 
(419) Tole icterica. 
Tur YELLOW-BROWED BULBUL. 
Criniger ictericus Strickl., A. M.N.H., xiii, p. 411 (1844) (Maha- 
baleshwar). 
Tole icterica. Blanf, & Oates, i, p. 285. 
Vernacular names. /Huldi Bulbul (Mysore). 
Description. Whole upper plumage bright olive-yellow; wings 
dark brown, the outer webs of the feathers olive-yellow and the 
inner edged with the same ; tail-feathers olive-yellow, with brighter 
edges and the inner edges and shafts yellow below ; a streak from 
the nostril to the eye and a circle round it, sides of the head and 
whole lower plumage and under wing-coverts bright yellow, washed 
with olive-green on the flanks, 
Colours of soft parts. Iris wood-brown; legs and feet pale 
blue, claws bluish-horny ; upper mandible brownish black, lower 
pale brown, darkest along the edges and tips (Davison) ; iris blood- 
red, dark red (Butler); iris blood-red (Jerdoi). 
Measurements. ‘otal length about 200mm.; wing 94 to 
98 mm.; tailabout 94mm. ; tarsus about 19 mm.; culmen about 
15mm. 
Distribution. The West side of Southern India from about 
Mahabaleshwar to Cape Comorin and Ceylon. 
Nidification. The Yellow-browed Bulbul breeds principally in 
February and March from Kanara to Travancore but eggs have 
been taken as late as 15th May (Davidson); in the Nilgiris and 
higher hills it breeds from April to the end of May or early June. 
In Ceylon it apparently breeds in July and August. The nest is 
like a small neat edition of those of IJicroscelis, a cradle in a hori- 
zontal fork or between two twigs, made of leaves, soft, phant 
twigs and grasses, firmly wound round the supporting twigs and 
well plastered with cobwebs. ‘he lining is of fine grasses only. 
The site selected is on a small sapling or high bush, 5 to 10 feet 
from the ground, which may be either in dense forest, thin 
scattered tree- or bush-jungle, or evenin a small spinney or clump 
of bushes. 
The eggs are nearly always two only and are very different from 
those of any other genus, except Aelaartia, approaching nearest 
to very bright pale eggs of Yanthixus and Spizivus. The ground 
is a very pale pink, almost white in many cases, and they are 
profusely speckled, more or less, all over with pale bright reddish- 
or pinkish-brown. Ina few eggs the markings are most numerous 
at, the large end, where they form an ill-defined cap or ring. 
Thirty eggs average 23:1 x 16-6 mm, and the extremes are : maxima 
25:0 x 17:2 mm. and minima 21°3 x 16°3 and 22°0 x 15°5 mm. 
Habits. This Bulbul is found at all heights from 2,000 to about 
6,500 feet, frequenting forest, both light and dense, more open 
country and even sometimes venturing into gardens and orchards. 
