432 CERTHIID®. 
Habits. Those of the genus. Whitehead says :—‘“ The call 
note is a faint squeak, rarely heard in winter. In summer its 
loud but rather monotonous song is constantly uttered. It does 
not by any means restrict itself to trees. I have often noticed 
it climbing up walls.” 
This Tree-Creeper is found up to 12,000 feet in summer but, 
on the other hand, in winter descends to 4,000 feet or lower still 
in the Afghanistan and Baluchistan Hills. 
+ (446) Certhia himalayana yunnanensis. 
Tue Yunnan Tren-CREEPER. 
Certhia yunnanensis Sharpe, Bull. B.O.C., xiii, p.11 (1902) (Yunnan). 
Vernacular names. None recorded. 
Description. Similar to C.h. himalayana but with the whole 
upper plumage very black without any ferruginous tint. Below 
it is dull smoky-grey, albescent on the chin and throat. 
Colours of soft parts not recorded. In the dry skin they do 
not differ from the same parts in typical himalayana. 
Measurements. Wing 68 to 71 mm.; tail 58 mm.; tarsus 17 to 
18 mm.; culmen 19 to 20 mm. 
Distribution. Yunnan and Northern Shan States. 
Nidification unknown. 
Habits. This bird was found by Rippon to be fairly numerous 
at heights varying between 7,000 and 9,000 feet in Yunnan. 
(447) Certhia himalayana intermedia. 
Tue Cuin Hints Tree-CreEePer. 
Certhiu himalayana intermedia Kinnear, Bull. B.O.C., xh, p. 159 
(1921) (Mt. Victoria). 
Vernacular names. None recorded. 
Description. Similar to the Yunnan Tree-Creeper but with a 
distinct rufous tinge on the rump and lower back. It is closer to 
this last Tree-Creeper than to the Himalayan bird. 
Colours of soft parts are apparently the same as in himalayana. 
Measurements. Wing 65 to 73 mm.; tail 55 to 72 mm.; tarsus 
16 to 17 mm.; culmen 17 to 19 mm. 
Distribution. Chin Hills only so far as is known at present. 
Nidification and Habits. Nothing recorded. 
Certhia familiaris. 
In India we have three races representative of the Common 
European Tree-Creeper which are found from North-West India 
to South-East Tibet and North-East Kachin Hills. 
