PICUS TRIDACTYLUS. 



NORTHERN THREE-TOED WOODPECKER. 



[Plate XIV. Fig. 2] 



Picus tndaclylus, Linn. SysU i., p. 177, Sp. 21. Gmel. Syst. i., p. 439, Sp. 21. 

 Faun. Suec. Sp. 103. Act. Holm. 1740, p. 222. Phil. Trans. LXII., p. 388. 

 Scop. Ann. i., Sp. 56. Georgi, Seise, p. 165. Borowsk. Nat. ii., p. 138, Sp. 8. 

 Lath. Lid. p. 243, Sp. 56. Meyer & Wolf, Tasch. Deutsch. Vog. i., p. 125, Sp. 

 8. Temm. Mtm. Orn. i., p. 401, young. Brehm. Lehr, Eur. Vog. i., p. 142. 

 Ranz. Elem. Orn. ii., p. 184, Sp. 9, Tab. 7, Fig. 4. — Picas hir.':utus, Vieill. Ois. 

 Am. Sept. II., p. 68, pi. 124, adult Male. — Picoides, Lacepede. — Dendroeopos 

 tridactyluSy Koch. Baierische Zool. — Tridadylia hirsufa, Stephens, in S/iaw's 

 Zool. IX., p. 219. — Picus tridactylus anomalus, Mus. Petr. 368. — Picehio a ire 

 dita, Star, degli Ucc. ii., pi. 180.— Ac iridactyle, ou Picoide, Temm. I. c. — Dreize- 

 Mger Specht, Bechst. Nat. Deutschl. ii., p. 1044. Naum. Vog. Kachtr. pi. 41, 

 Fig. 81. Meyer & Wolf, Ois. d'Alkm. Cah. 26, pi. 4, Male; pi. 6, Female.— 

 Northern Three-toed Woodpecker, Edwards, pi. 114, Male. — Three-toed Wood- 

 pecker, Penn. Arct. Zool. Sp. 168. Lath. Syn. ii., p. 600, Sp. 51. Id. Suppl. 

 p. 112. 



This species is one of those, which from their habitation being in the 

 extreme north, have a wide range round the globe. It is in fact met 

 with throughout northern Asia and Europe, from Kamtschatka to the 

 most eastern coasts of the old continent ; and in America, is very com- 

 mon at Hudson's Bay, Severn river, Fort William on Lake Superior, 

 and throughout the north-west, in hilly and wooded tracts. In the 

 United States it is only a rare and occasional winter visitant, never 

 having been received by us except from the northern territory of the 

 state of Maine. The species, contrary to what is observed of most 

 other Arctic birds, does not appear to extend so far south comparatively 

 as in Europe, though it is not improbable that on this continent it may 

 also inhabit some unexplored mountainous districts, resembling the wild 

 regions where only it is found in Europe. In both continents, the 

 species affects deep forests among mountains, the hilly countries of 

 northern Asia and Europe, and the very lofty chains of central Europe, 

 whose elevation compensates for their more southern latitude. It is 

 exceedingly common in Siberia, is abundant in Norway, Lapland, and 

 Dalecarlia, among the gorges of Switzerland and the Tyrol, especially 

 in forests of pines. It is not uncommon in the canton of Berne, in the 

 forests near Interlaken, though very rare in Germany and the more 

 temperate parts of Europe. It is well known even to breed in Switzer- 



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