280 PALLAS' DIPPER. 



row ; the tail is two inches in length, and but slightly emarginated ; the 

 feet are dusky, the tarsus measuring three-quarters of an inch. 



The male, after his autumnal moult, exhibits pretty much the same 

 dress, except being more or less tinged with bluish. We shall here 

 observe, that we do not believe that the individual kept by Wilson in a 

 cag3 through the winter, in which the gay plumage did not return for 

 more than two months, formed an exception to the general law, as he 

 supposed. We have no doubt that this circumstance is characteristic of 

 the species in its wild state. 



The young strongly resemble the female ; the drab color is however 

 much less pure and glossy, being sornewhat intermixed with dusky olive, 

 owing to the centre of the feathers being of the latter hue. Conse- 

 quently, during the progress from youth to adolescence, and even during 

 the two periodical changes, the plumage of this bird is more or less 

 intermixed with drab, blue, and white, according to the stage of the 

 moulting process, some being beautifully and regularly spotted with 

 large masses of those colors, symmetrically disposed. In one of these 

 males, but little advanced in its changes, we readily recognise the Em- 

 heriza coerulea of authors, Azuroux of Buffon, &c. ; and in another, 

 which has made farther progress towards the perfect state, the shoulders 

 only retaining the ferruginous tinge, we can trace the Emheriza cyanella 

 of Sparmann. 



CINCLUS PALLASII. 



PALLAS' DIPPER. 



[Plate XVI. Fig. 1] 



Cinclus Pallasii, Temm. Man. Orn. i., p. 177. Nob. Suppl. Gen. Am. Birds, Sp. 94 

 bis, in Zool. Journ. London, iv., p. 4. Id. in Ann. Lijc. New York, ii., p. 438. — , 

 Cinchis mexicanus, Swainson, Sijn. Birds of Mexico, Sp. 27, in Phil. Mag. New 

 Series, i., p. 308. 



The recent discovery of the genus Cinclus in America, furnishes an 

 interesting fact in the history of the geographical distribution of birds, 

 this genus being one of the twenty-five European, enumerated in our 

 "Observations" as not known to inhabit this continent. A specimen 

 from the northern countries, communicated by Mr. Leadbeater, first 

 enabled us to introduce it into the American Fauna ; and almost simul- 

 taneously, Mr. Swainson, in his Synopsis of the Birds discovered in 

 Mexico by Mr. Bullock, announced it as occurring in that country, but 

 in no other part, as he thought, of America. Judging from his short 

 description (and the species does not admit of a long one), we have no 

 hesitation in afiirming that both Mr. Swainson's, and that described by 



