8 
ment who had no knowledge of the work that was going on were asked 
whether they had noticed any diminution in the number of flies in their 
offices. Persons in all of the offices on the first floor of the two build- 
ings were asked this question. In every office except one the answer 
was that a marked decrease had been noticed, so that the work must be 
considered to have been successful. 
The account of this remedial work has been given with some detail, 
since it shows so plainly that care and cleanliness combined with such 
an arrangement as that described will in an individual stable measur- 
ably affect the fly nuisance in neighboring buildings. 
With the combined efforts of the persons owning stables in a given 
community, much more effective results can undoubtedly be gained. 
In the consideration of these measures we have not touched upon the 
remedies for house flies breeding in human excrement. On account of 
the danger of the carriage of typhoid fever, the dropping of human 
excrement in the open in cities or towns, either on vacant lots or in 
dark alleyways, should be made a misdemeanor, and the same care 
should be taken by the sanitary authorities to remove or cover up such 
‘depositions as is taken in the removal of the bodies of dead animals. 
The box privy is always a nuisance from many points of view and is 
undoubtedly dangerous as a breeder of flies which may carry the germs 
of intestinal disease. No box privies should be permitted to exist unless 
they are conducted on the earth-closet principle. With a proper vault 
or other receptacle, closed except from above, and a free use of fine 
earth, the breeding of house flies can be prevented. Covering the sur- 
face with lime, however, is more certain than the use of earth. The 
writer has seen, in a large camp of volunteer soldiery, unprotected sinks 
in which the house fly was breeding by the thousands. He has also 
seen permanent camps in which the sinks were so constructed and so 
treated with lime that no house flies whatever were present. 
A Parisian journal, the Matin, during the winter of 1905-6, estab- 
lished a prize of 10,000 frances for the best essay on the destruction 
of the house fly. The jury of competent scientific men awarded the 
prize to the author of a memoir in which it was proposed to use residuum 
oil in the destruction of the eggs and larve of the fly. This oil is to be 
used in privies and cesspools. Two liters per superficial meter of the 
pit is mixed with water, stirred with a stick of wood, and then thrown 
into the receptacle. It is said to form a covering of oil which kills all 
the larvee, prevents the entrance of flies into the pit and, at the same 
time, the hatching of eggs. It makes a protective covering for the 
excrement, and this is said to hasten the development of anaerobic bac- 
teria as in a true septic pit, leading in this way to the rapid liquefaction 
of solid matters and rendering them much more unfit for the development 
of other bacteria. For manure it is reeommended to mix this residuum 
oil with earth, with lime, and with phosphates, and to spread it at 
