from its stand, and in its place a clean hive with frames and founda- 

 tion is set. The queen is at once transferred to the new hive, and the 

 field bees fly there when they next return from the field. The infected 

 hive is then placed on top of or close beside the clean hive and a bee 

 escape placed over the entrance of the hive containing disease, so that 

 the younger bees and those which later emerge from the cells may leave 

 the hive but can not return. They therefore join the colony in the new 

 hive. 



Fall treatment. — If it is desirable to treat a colony so late in the fall 

 that it would be impossible for the bees to prepare for winter, the treat- 

 ment may be modified by shaking the bees onto combs with plenty of 

 honey for winter. This will be satisfactory only after brood rearing 

 has entirely ceased. In such cases disease rarely reappears. 



In the Western States, where American foul brood is particularly 

 virulent, it is desirable thoroly to disinfect the hive by burning the 

 inside or by chemical means before using it again. This is not always 

 practised in the Eastern States, where the disease is much milder. 

 Some persons recommend boiling the hives or disinfecting them with 

 some reliable disinfectant such as carbolic acid or corrosive sublimate. 

 It is usually not profitable to save frames because of their comparatively 

 small value, but if desired they may be disinfected. Great care should 

 be exercised in cleaning any apparatus. It does not pay to treat very 

 weak colonies. They should either be destroyed at once or several 

 weak ones be united to make one which is strong enough to build up. 



Recently some new " cures " have been advocated in the bee journals, 

 particularly for European foul brood, with a view to saving combs from 

 infected colonies. The cautious bee keeper will hardly experiment with 

 such methods, especially when the disease is just starting in his local- 

 ity or apiary, but will eradicate the disease at once by means already 

 well tried. 



In all -cases great care should be exercised that the bee keeper may 

 not himself spread the infection by handling healthy colonies before 

 thoroly disinfecting his hands, hive tools, and even smoker. Since it 

 takes but a very small amount of infected material to start disease in a 

 previously healthy colony, it is evident that too much care can not be 

 taken. In no case should honey from unknown sources be used for 

 feeding bees. Care should also be exercised in buying queens, since 

 disease is often transmitted in the candy used in shipping cages. 

 Combs should not be moved from hive to hive in infected apiaries. 



" PICKLE BROOD." 



There is a diseased condition of the brood called by bee keepers 

 "pickle brood," but practically nothing is known of its cause. It is 

 characterized by a swollen watery appearance of the larva, usually 

 accompanied by black color of the head. The larva^ usually lie on their 



