270 SYSTEMATIC SYNOPSIS. — PASSERES— OSCINES. 
17. SIT’TA. (Lat. sitta, Gr. cirra, name of a bird. Fig. 141.) Typican NUTHATCHES. 
Characters practically those given under head of the family. 
Analysis of Species and Varieties. 
White below, the crissum washed with rusty-brown FF rossy black, without stripes. 
Bill stouter, 0.18-0.20 deep at base Inner secondaries boldly variegated with black. Eastern 
: carolinensis 5T 
Bill slenderer, 0.12-0.16 deep.at base. Inner secondaries scarcely variegated with blackish. Western 
aculeata 58 
Rusty-brown below ; cap glossy black with white stripes, or color of the back . . . . . . .ecanadensis 59 
Rusty-brown or brownish-white below ; cap brown, unlike back, without stripes. 
Crown clear hair-brown ; a white spot on nape ; middle tail-feathers plain. Southeastern . pusilla 60 
Crown dull brownish, with darker border ; little or no white on nape ; middle tail-feathers with 
black. Southwestern -pygmea 61 
hi 
WA 
SS 
SSS 
SS = 
SSS 
Fic. 141. — European Nuthatch, Sitta cesia (resembling S. pusilla), nearly nat. size. (From Brehm.) 
57. S. carolinen’sis. (Lat. of Carolina. “Fig. 142.) Caro“inA NUTHATCH. WHITE-BELLIED 
NuTHATCH. @, adult: Upper parts, central tail- 
feathers, and much edging of the wings, clear ashy- 
blue ; whole crown, nape, and back of the neck, glossy 
black. Under parts, including sides of neck and head . 
to above eyes, dull white, more or less marked on the 
flanks and crissum with rusty-brown. Wings and their 
coverts blackish, much edged as already said, and with 
an oblique bar of white on the outer webs of the pri- 
maries towards their ends; concealed bases of primaries 
white; under wing-coverts mostly blackish; bold bluish 
Fia. 142. —Carolina Nuthatch, nat. size. 4 i P i - 
(Ad nat. del. E. C.) and black variegation of the inner secondaries. Tail, 
