4. 
TROGLODYTIDZH — CAMPYLORHYNCHINZ: FAN-TAILED WRENS. 278 
with wide feathers. Tarsus a little longer than the middle toe and claw. Upper parts with 
sharp white streaks on a brown ground; under parts boldly spotted with black on a white 
ground; tail-feathers barred with black and white. 
C. brunneicapil/lus. (Lat. brunneus, brown; capillus, hair.) BROWN-HEADED CACTUS 
Wren. , adult: Back grayish-brown, marked with black and white, each feather having 
a central white field several times indented with black. Whole crown of head and nape rich 
dark wood-brown, immaculate. A long white superciliary stripe from nostril to nape. Beneath, 
nearly pure white anteriorly, gradually shading behind into decided cinnamon-brown — the 
throat and fore part of the breast marked with large, crowded, rounded black spots, the rest of 
the under parts with small, sparse, oval or linear black spots, again enlarging on the crissum. 
Wings darker and more fuscous-brown than the back; all the quills with a series of numerous 
white or whitish indentations along the edge of both webs. Central tail-feathers like the 
wings, with numerous more or less incomplete blackish bars ; other tail-feathers blackish, the 
outer with several broad white bars on both webs; the rest with usually only a single com- 
plete white bar near the end. Bill dark plumbeous, paler below; iris orange. Length near 
8.00; wing 3.50; tail rather longer; bill 0.80; tarsus 1.00; middle toe and claw 0.90. Q, 
adult: Quite like the ¢, but the spots on the throat and breast rather smaller, therefore less 
crowded, and less strongly contrasting with the sparse speckling of the rest of the under parts. 
Young: Similar to the adult on the upper parts, but the throat whitish with little speckling; 
scarcely any spots on the rest of the under parts, which are, however, as decidedly cinnamon as 
those of the adults. Southwestern U. S.,— Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, southern Utah 
and Nevada, and portions of California; common in cactus and chaparral, building a large 
purse-shaped nest in bushes; eggs about 6, 1.00 X 0.68, white, uniformly and minutely dotted 
with salmon-color. (If not C. brunneicapillus Lafr., this will stand as C, couesi Sharpe, Cat. 
Br. Mus., vi, 1882, p. 196.) 
C. affiinis. (Lat. affinis, affined, allied; ad, and fins.) St. Lucas Cactus Wren. Sim- 
ilar to the last. Cap reddish-brown, lighter instead of darker than the back. Markings of 
back very conspicuous, in strong streaks of black and white, these two colors bordering each 
other with little or no indentation. Under parts nearly white, the black spots, though con- 
spicuous, not enlarged and crowded on the breast, but more regularly distributed. All the 
lateral tail-feathers, instead of only the outer ones, crossed on both webs with numerous com- 
plete white bars. The variations with sex and age correspond with those of C. brunneicapillus. 
Lower California. Nest and eggs as before. (According to Sharpe, J. ¢., this is C. brun- 
neicapillus Lafr.) 
SALPINCTES. (Gr. cadmvyktis, salpigktes, a trumpeter.) Rock Wrexs. Bill about as long 
as head, slender, compressed, straight at base, then 
slightly decurved, acute at tip, faintly notched. 
Nostrils conspicuous, scaled, in a large fossa. Wing 
longer than tail; exposed portion of Ist primary 
about half as long as 2d, which is decidedly shorter 
than 3d. Tail rounded, of 12 broad plane feathers, 
with rounded or subtruncate ends. Feet small and 
weak ; tarsus longer than middle toe, seutellate pos- 
teriorly. Hind toe and claw shorter than middle 
one; lateral toes of unequal lengths, the outer ie ae ocenircno nat. cise; (Ad nak 
longest, both very short, the tips of their claws del. E.C.) 
falling short of base of middle claw. Only one species known. 
S. obsole/tus. (Lat. obsoletus, unaceustomed; ob, and soleo, I am wont; hence obsolete, effaced, 
the coloration being dull and diffuse. Fig. 148.) Rock Wren. ¢ Q, adult: Upper parts 
pale brownish-gray, minutely dotted with blackish and whitish points together, and usually 
