D7. 
D8. 
9. 
SYLVICOLIDA — SYLVICOLINA: TRUE WARBLERS. 295 
fuscous, edged with the color of the back. Entire under parts yellow, including under wing- 
coverts and edge of the wing, the sides shaded with olive. Length 4.50-4.75 ; extent 7.50; 
wing 2.33-2.50; tail 1.75-2.00. 9Q, in summer: Similar. Head less purely ashy. Crown- 
patch smaller and more hidden, if not wanting. Yellow of under parts paler, whitening on the 
belly. Autumnal specimens, of both sexes, though quite as yellow below as in summer, have 
the ash of the head glossed over with olivaceous, and in birds of the year the crown-patch may 
be entirely wanting. This species is distinguished by the rich clear yellow of the under parts 
at all seasons. In H. celata, which is next most yellow below, the color has a greenish east ; 
the head is little, if any, different from the rest of the upper parts, and the crown-patch is 
orange-brown. Temperate North America, but especially the Eastern Province; west only 
rarely to Utah, Nevada, and even California. A common bird, migratory in most of its U. S. 
range, but breeding in New England (and farther south in alpine regions) and thence north- 
ward. Nest on the ground, like the others, and eggs not peculiar. 
H. cela’ta. (Lat. celata, concealed, as is the orange on the crown.) ORANGE-CROWNED 
WARBLER. ¢ Q, in summer: Upper parts olive, duller and washed with grayish towara 
and on the head, brighter and more yellowish on the rump and upper tail-coverts. Beneath 
greenish-white, palest on the belly and throat, more olive-shaded on the sides; the color not 
pure, but rather streaky, and having in places a grayish cast. Wings and tail edged with the 
color of the back ; lining of the wings like the belly, and inner edges of tail-feathers whitish. 
Orbital ring and lores yellowish. An orange-brown patch on the crown, partially concealed, 
smaller and more hidden in the 9 than inthe g. Length 4.80-5.20; extent 7.40-7.75 ; wing 
2.30-2.50. Resembling the last, and often difficult to distinguish in immature plumage; but a 
general oliveness and yellowness, compared with the ashy of some parts of ruficapilla, and the 
different color of the crown-pateh in the two species, will usually be diagnostic. The sexes of 
this species seareely differ, and young or autumnal birds are very similar to the adults, except 
the frequent or usual absence of the orange-brown crown-spot in birds of the year. The 
species is well distinguished from all its allies by the color of the crown-patch. North America 
at large, but especially the Western and Middle regions; rare or oceasional in the Eastern 
Province ; north to high latitudes in British America and Alaska; migratory; breeds in Arctic 
regions and in alpine localities further south ; nest and eggs not peculiar. 
H. ¢. lutes/cens. (Lat. lutescens, growing yellowish.) PACIFIC ORANGE-CROWNED W AR- 
BLER. Differs in being much more richly colored. It may be described simply as olive-green 
above, and greenish-yellow, shaded with olive on the sides, below, without any of the qualify- 
ing terms required for precision in the case of typical celata. Pacific Coast region, Alaska to 
Lower California. 
H. peregri/na. (Lat. peregrina, wandering, alien, foreign; i. e., migratory.) TENNESSEE 
Warsier. , adult: Upper parts yellowish-olive, brightest posteriorly ; on the fore parts 
and head changing to pure ash, without any greenish tint whatever. No crown-patch of any 
different color. Lores, eye-ring, or frequently a decided superciliary stripe, whitish. Entire 
under parts dull white, scarcely or not tinged with yellowish. Wings and tail dusky, strongly 
edged with the color of the back, the outer tail-feathers frequently with an obscure whitish 
spot. Bill and feet dark. Length 4.50-4.75, rarely to 5.00; extent 7.50-8.00; wing about 
2.75, thus long for the size of the bird, and especially in comparison with the short tail, pointed, 
with little difference in length between the first three or four quills; tail only 2.00 or less, thus - 
remarkably short; the comparative length of wings and tail, with other characters, probably 
always distinguishes the species from the foregoing. @, adult: Quite like the g, but ashy of 
the head less pure and clear, and under parts more or less tinged with greenish-yellow. 
Young: Entire upper parts strongly and uniformly yellowish-olive, like the rump of the adult 
@, or even brighter, this color also tinging the eye-ring and superciliary stripe. Under parts 
as in the adult, or more decidedly greenish-yellow, leaving only the belly and crissuin whit- 
