SYLVICOLIDA — SYLVICOLINZ: TRUE WARBLERS. pass 4 
The coloration of the rectrices is a good clue to this genus; for all the 
arecits oe D. estiva and its exotic conspecies) have the tail-feathers always blotched 
with white, —a feature only shown, among North American allies, in Mniotilta, Parula, Pro- 
tonotaria, Peucedramus, and some species of Helminthophila, Myiodioctes. There is as inuch 
uniformity in the nest and eggs of Dendreca as in those of Helminthophila. Whereas all 
these nest on the ground, as far as known all the Dendrace@ nest in trees and bushes, with the 
single exception of D. palmarum. Excepting D. castanea, the eggs are essentially similar ; 
all being white, variously speckled, dotted, or blotched with shades of reddish and darker 
brown, and lilac or purplish shell-spots. About thirty-five species are current, but not all of 
them are well established; they all oceur within our limits excepting these: pityophila 
(Cuba), adelaide (Perto Rico), pharetra (Jamaica), eow (Jamaica), awreola (Galapagoes), 
capitalis (Barbadoes), and petechia (West Indies) with its several tropical forms, all like our 
estiva. Of the twenty-six species which have been ascribed to North America, one, olivacea, 
has since been made type of the genus Peucedramus; while of ‘‘ montana” and ‘* carbonata” 
nothing is now known: leaving twenty-three species to be treated, nearly as in the original 
edition of the Key, there having been but one North American accession to the genus since 
1872, though two varieties (respectively of dominica and of palmarum) have meanwhile been 
described. D. tigrina has been made type of a genus Perissoglossa ; but it remains to be seen 
whether other warblers do not possess the same peculiarities of the tongue. The following 
artificial analysis will facilitate the determination of our twenty-three established species; I 
believe it to be an infallible key to the perfect male plumages, and that it will probably hold 
good for spring specimens of both sexes of many species; but it will fail for nearly all autumnal 
and most female specimens of (b). It is difficult if not impossible to meet the varied require- 
ments of these by rigid analysis; and recourse must be had to the detailed descriptions of the 
species arranged in what seems to be their natural sequence. The supplementary table of cer- 
tain diagnostic marks may prove of much assistance, though it is not a complete analysis. 
Analysis of perfect Spring Males. 
Tail-feathers edged with yellow; head — yellow 
aes SP ey es Liane . estiva 11 
—chestnut .... rae 
vieilloti lila 
Tail-feathers blotched with white ; a white spot at the base of seit aaiee ; cerulescens 117 
— no white spot at base of primaries. (a) 
(a) Wing-bars not white. Below, white, sides chestnut-streaked, crown yellow . . pennsylvanica 124 
— yellow; sides reddish-streaked, crown reddish . palmarum 132, 133 
— black-streaked ; above, ashy . . kirtlandi 131 
— olive, roadigh- sien ae discolor 127 
(a) Wing-bars white (sometimes fused into one large white patch). (b) 
(b) Crown blue, like the back ; below white, sides and breast streaked . cerulea 118 
— chestnut, like the throat ; below, and sides of neck, buffy-tinged : castanea 123 
—clear ash ; rump and under parts yellow, breast and sides black-streaked . maculosa 125 
— blackish, with median line orange-brown, like the auriculars ; rump yellow . . tigrina 126 
— perfectly black ; throat black ; a small yellow ioral spot . nigrescens 116 
—not black; no yellow ; feet flesh-color striata 122 
— with yellow spot ; throat flame-color ; rump not yellow . ; blackburne 121 
— white ; rump and sides of breast ccilean coronata 119 
— yellow ; rump and sides of breast yellow . auduboni 120 
{b) Crown otherwise; throat black; back ashy, streaked, rump ash, crown yellow . occidentalis 113 
— blackish, rump black, crown blackish chrysoparia 115 
— olive; crown like back . virens 112 
— not like back . ; . townsendi 114 
— yellow; back olive ; no black or ashy onhead . : pinus 1384 
—ashy-blue; cheeks the same ; eyelids yallow. gracice 128 
— black ; eyelids white . . dominica 129, 130 
Diagnostic marks of certain Warblers in any plumage. 
Wing-bars and belly yellow. . nec) Ge ort heed ; . discolor 127 
Wings and tail dusky, edged with cele an Pech ae ech oer, oe ROMS eatod orv ieilloti 111 or llla 
Wing-bars yellow, and belly pure white . . . . «© «© 2 «© » © o «© ew pennsylvanica 124 
