12. 
43. 
SYLVICOLIDA—ICTERHNZ: CHATS. 311 
some obscure whitishness about the lores and orbits. Young: Similar to the adult female, but 
the olive of the upper parts with much of a brownish tinge, the yellow parts and, in fact, most 
of the under parts, quite buffy. The adults, in fall and winter, are similar to each other, except 
in the purer and stronger yellow of the male, as at that season 
the peculiar black and ashy markings of the head are wanting. 
Both sexes then resemble the autumnal plumage of the young 
in the browner shade of the olive and buffiness of the under parts. 
U.S., from Atlantic to Pacific; breeds throughout this range ; 
winters from the southern border southward. An abundant and 
familiar inhabitant of shrubbery and underbrush, the sameness 
of which is enlivened by its sprightly presence and hearty song ia teh ee 
throughout the summer months. Nest on the ground or near it, jow-throat, g, nat. size. (Ad 
usually carefully concealed, of large size and built of any rnb- nat. del. E. C.) 
bish; eggs 4-6, usually 0.60-0.70 long by 0.50-0.55, white, rather sparingly sprinkled, and 
mostly at the large end, with several shades of brown: but the markings, like the size and 
shape of the eggs, are very variable. 
G. philadel/phia. (To the city of brotherly love ; Gr. pitéw, phileo, I love; ddedpos, adelphos, 
brother.) Mourninc WARBLER. @ Q, in spring: Bright olive, below clear yellow ; on the 
head the olive passes insensibly into ash; in high plumage of @ the throat and breast black ; 
but generally ash, showing black traces, the feathers being black veiled with ash, producing a 
peculiar appearance suggestive of the bird’s wearing crape; wings and tail unmarked, glossed 
with olive; under mandible and feet flesh-color; no white about eyes in adult g. Young, 
and generally fall specimens: Ash of the fore parts veiled with olive ; sides and across breast 
quite olivaceous, leaving only central line of under parts yellow; blackish-ash of jugulum veiled 
by bright yellow tips of the feathers ; eyelids brownish-yellow. Young birds have little or no 
ash on the head, and no black on the throat, thus resembling Oporornis agilis; but are of 
course distinguishable by their generic characters. Length 5.25-5.50; extent 7.50-8.00; 
wing and tail, each, about 2.25. Eastern U. 8., W. to Kansas and Dakota, rare in most 
localities in the Atlantic States, but abundant in the Mississippi Valley; migratory; no record 
of wintering in the U. 8.; breeds chiefly in the northernmost tier of States and along the British 
border. Nidification like that of G. trichas; eggs not distinguishable. 
G. macgillivray'i. (To Wm. MacGillivray, the eminent Scotch ornithologist, co-author of 
Audubon’s works.) MACGILLIVRAY’s WARBLER. @ 9: Upper parts, including exposed 
surfaces of wings and tail, clear olive-green; below, bright yellow, shaded with olive on the 
sides. Head and neck all around, throat, and fore breast, clear ashy ; eyelids white ; the loral 
region usually dusky, the throat with blackish centres to the feathers, veiled by their gray 
skirting.” Upper mandible blackish ; under mandible and feet flesh-colored or pale yellowish. 
Length 5.25; extent 5.75-8.00; wing and tail, each, about 2.25. Seasonal and sexual differences 
those of G. philadelphia, of which it is the Western representative, differing in having white 
eyelids, and in never showing a decided black patch on the breast, which is conspicuous in the 
highly plumaged ¢ of the other form; but thus closely resembling Q philadelphia, which nor- 
mally shows a whitish eye-ring, and has not the breast quite black. Middle and Western 
Provinces of the U. 8., E. to the limit of trees on the plains, N. to British Columbia; abundant, 
migratory ; breeds throughout its U. 8. range ; winters beyond. Nest and eggs as in others of 
the genus. 
16. Subfamily ICTERIINAE: Chats. 
A small group, framed to accommodate the following genus and its two tropical allies, 
Granatellus and Teretistris; it is perhaps questionable whether they are most naturally classed 
with the Warblers. 
