327. 
328. 
329. 
ICTERIDA — ICTERINZ: ORIOLES. 409 
ing, and its skill at the loom; its elaborately fabricated and perfectly pensile nests swaying 
from the teps of our shade-trees, which have one charm added when fired with such brilliancy 
as the oriole brings to contrast with verdure. Eggs 4-6, nearly 1.00 x 0.65, thus rather 
elongate ; ground color a shaded white, irregularly spotted, blotched, clouded and especially 
scrawled with blackish-brown and other heavy surface colors, together with subdued shell- 
markings. 
I. bul’locki. (To Wm. Bullock, of London. Fig. 256.) Butitocr’s Orton. Adult ¢: 
Similarly black and orange, the orange invading the sides of the head and neck and the fore- 
head, leaving only a narrow space on the throat, the lores, and a line through the eye, black ; 
a large continuous white patch on the wing, formed by the middle and greater coverts. Larger 
than the Baltimore. Length 8.00-8.50; extent 12.50-13.50; wing 4.00; tail 3.40. Q: Olive- 
gray, below whitish, all the fore parts of the body and head tinged with yellow; the wings 
dusky, with two white bars, but the tail and its under coverts quite yellowish. Q thus very 
closely resembling the 9 Baltimore, and more detailed description may be desirable. Larger: 
length about 8.00; extent 12.00; wing 3.75; tail 3.25. Above olive-gray, becoming quite 
gray on the rump, brightening into olive. Yellow on nape, upper tail-coverts and tail. 
Forehead, superciliary line, sides of head and neck, and large space on breast, bright yellow ; 
lores and throat white. Other under parts grayish-white, tinged with yellow on the under tail- 
coverts. Edge and lining of wing yellow; middle coverts broadly edged and tipped with 
white; greater coverts and quills less conspicuously edged. Young ¢ at first like the 9, soon, 
however, showing black and orange; in one stage with a black throat patch. Western U. S., 
in woodland, abundant, replacing the Baltimore, to which it is so closely allied, and with which 
it corresponds in habits and manners. 
I. cuculla/tus. (Lat. cucullatus, wearing the cuculla, a kind of hood or cowl.) Hooprp 
OrioLeE. Adult ¢: Orange and black. General color orange; from rich chrome yellow to 
flame-color. Middle of back (scapulars and interscapulars) black. A black mask, embracing 
eyes, a narrow frontal line, and patch on chin, cheeks, and throat. Wings black, with white 
edging of the quills and coverts. Tail black, some or all of the feathers usually with narrow 
whitish tips. Bill and feet blue-black, the former extremely slender and somewhat decurved, 
0.80; tarsus 0.90. Length 8.00; extent 10.50; wing 3.30; tail 3.50-4.00, thus longer than 
wings ; the feathers narrow and lanceolate, the outermost an inch or so shorter than the central 
pair; such length, narrowness, and extreme graduation of the tail being a strong character. 
Q, adult: Above, dull grayish-olive; tail and under parts dull yellowish; wings dusky, the 
quills and coverts edged with dull white. The 9 thus resembles other species, but the long 
slender graduated tail and attenuated decurved bill are diagnostic. Fairly smaller than the @. 
Young @: At first like 9, but bill pale at base below. Various intermediate states during 
progress to maturity ; sometimes the black dorsal band interrupted by yellowish-gray, and the 
general orange obscured with the same. A frequent condition, when the general plumage is 
like that of the 2, is to have a black frontlet and gorget, like I. spwriuws under the same 
circumstances. Southern Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and California, chietly near the Mexican 
border. Nest woven like that of other orioles, very substantial and durable ; in places where 
the Spanish moss grows, it is usually made of this material, and placed in a truss of the same. 
Eggs 3-4, sometimes 5, varying from 0.80 to 0.90 long by 0.60 broad, usually quite pointed at 
both ends; color white, with the usual scrawling. In the Lower Rio Grande valley this is the 
commonest oriole in some places. 
I. pariso/rum. (To the brothers Paris.) BLacK-AND-YELLOW ORIOLE. Paris’ ORIOLE. 
Adult @¢: Black and clear yellow. Below from the breast? rump, and upper tail-coverts, 
lesser, middle and under wing-coverts, both above and below, and basal portions of all the 
tail-feathers, except the central ones, clear yellow; greater wing-coverts tipped, inner quills 
edged, with white. Head, neck, breast, and back, black. On the tail, the yellow occupies the 
