, 
J 
ANATIDA — FULIGULINZ:: SEA DUCKS. TOL 
speculum gray, bounded terminally with brown. Europe, ete. One found in Fulton Market, 
New York, Feb. 1872. (See Check List, 2d ed., 1882, p. 136.) 
Fu.Lix. 
F. mari/la. (Qu. proper name? Qu. Gr. papidy, marile, charcoal, from the pitch-black 
fore-parts?) GREATER Scaup Duck. BiG BLACK-HEAD. BLUE-BILL. Rarr DUCK. 
Frocxinc Fowxu. SHurrier. Adult @: No ring around neck. Speculum white. Bill 
dull blue, with black hooked nail, broad and flat at end, where considerably wider than at 
base. Iris yellow. Feet livid blackish, or dark plumbeous, with darker webs. Whole head, 
neck, and fore-parts of body pitch-black, on the head with chiefly green iridescence. Lower 
back, rump, tail, with both upper and under coverts, black or blackish. Middle of back, 
scapulars, and most of under parts, white, the interscapulars, scapulars, sides of body, flanks, 
and lower belly waved with fine zig-zag cross-lines of black, quite in ‘‘canvas-back” style. 
Wing-coverts similar to back, but darker gray and more obsenrely marked; the greater 
coverts tipped with black, forming the anterior border of the white speculum, which is formed 
by the secondaries, the white extending quite across them, their tips black. Primaries 
brownish-black, becoming gray inwardly. Axillars and most of under wing-coverts white. 
Q: Bill, eyes and feet as before. The black parts of the ¢ replaced by dusky or dark brown, 
which latter is the color of the head. A broad belt of pure white around base of upper 
mandible, forming a conspicuous white ‘‘face.” The black-and-white vermiculation less 
distinctly developed. Length of # 9 18.00-20.00; extent 30.00-35.00, usually over 30.00 ; 
wing 8.50-9.00; tail 3.00; bill 2.00; tarsus 1.50; middle toe and claw 2.60. Europe, Asia, 
etc., and N. Am. at large; on the whole more northerly than I’. affinis, not proceeding so 
far south in winter, though breeding no farther north — from N. borders of U. S8., northward. 
The more frequent U. S. seaup in winter is EF. affinis. Nest on ground, down-lined; eggs 
drab-colored, 2.45 & 1.72. 
F. affiinis. (Lat. affinis, ad and finis, allied, affined.) Lesser Scaup Duck. LirTLe 
BLACK-HEAD (with other names of the foregoing). Extremely similar to the last; gloss of 
head chiefly purple, sides and flanks less closely waved with black? Smaller: length 15.50- 
17.00; extent under 30.00; wing 8.00 or less; tail 2.50; bill 1.75; tarsus 1.50; middle toe 
and claw 2.30. It is difficult to define this bird specifically, but it appears to preserve its 
characters, though constantly associated with the last. N. Am. at large; breeds from the 
N. borders of the U. S. northward; winters in and migrates through the U.S. to C. Am. 
andeWe J: 
F. colla'ris. (Lat. collaris, pertaining to colluwm, the neck: collared.) RinG-NECK DUCK. 
Adult ¢: A chestnut or orange-brown ring round neck. Speculum gray (not white). Bill 
black, the base and edges, and a belt near end of upper mandible, pale bluish. Iris yellow. 
Feet grayish-blue, with dusky webs. Head and neck above the collar lustrous black, with 
green, violet, and purple iridescence, the extreme chin white. Lower neck, fore-breast, 
upper parts generally, blackish, the scapulars scarcely waved or only dotted with grayish. 
Crissum black; under parts generally, including lining of wings, white, the lower belly and 
sides finely waved with black. Wings plain dark brown, with an ashy-gray speculum 
formed by outer webs of some of the secondaries. Tail of 16 feathers. Adult 9: No collar; 
head umber-brown darker on top, with whitish cheeks and chin, and white eye-ring : other 
black parts of ¢ dark brownish ; under parts less extensively and less purely white; wing 
and its speculum as before. Length 16.00-18.00; extent 30.00 or less; wing abont 8.00; tail 
2.75; tarsus 1.25; bill 1.75, not so much widened at end as that of the scaups. N. Am. at 
large ; breeds from N. border of U.S. to far north, winters in and migrates through U. S. 
to C. Am. and W. I. Nest on ground, of grass and moss; eggs about 9, pale greenish. 
2.25 X 1.60. 
