13. 
PROCELLARIIDE: PROCELLARIINZE: FULMARS. 177 
Stormy Petrels, with nasal tube as before, the bill variable. Length under 10.00. 
Claws hooked, acute; tarsus little if any longer than middle toe and claw. 
allcuncate: Color unuormituiginous . 2 6 1. 6 ee tl ee ee Halocyptena 325 
Tail nearly square. Color fuliginous, with white .......... =... Procellaria 326 
Tail forked. Color fuliginous, or dark with white. . . . . . . . 6. . « Cymochorea 327 
Tail forked. Color bluish or grayish, with white . . . » + « « « « Oceanodroma 328 
Claws flat, obtuse; tarsus much longer than middle toe and tine 
Color fuliginous; upper tail-coverts white; webs yellow ....... . . . Oceanites 329 
Color dark, the underparts white; webs black . . . . . Fregetta 330 
Shearwaters, with low broad nasal case, and end of under mandible hooked like. the ner Length 12.00 
or more. 
Nasal tube truncate, with the partition thin,asinfulmars. . . ..... =. . . Priofinus 331 
Nasal tube obliquely truncate, the partition thick . ........ 2.4.2.2. =. Puffinus 332 
OSSI’FRAGA. (Lat. ossifraga, bone-breaking; os and frango.) Giant Futmar. Of 
immense size and powerful organization; as large as most of the albatrosses. Bill longer than 
head, about as long as tarsus, very robust, deeply grooved; nasal tube very long, depressed, 
carinate, with contracted orifice; reaching half way or more from base to tip of bill. Hook 
of bill large and strong. Commissure sinuate; gape restricted, not reaching under eye. 
Frontal feathers extending obtusely upon root of nasal case; mental feathers extending to 
gonys. Outline of lower mandibular rami about straight; gonys straight, ascending, with 
obtuse angle. Feet large; tibize bare below ; tarsus short, much less than middle toe without 
claw, reticulate; outer and middle toes with claws of equal lengths; hind toe merely a stout 
claw ; webs full. Wings short, not very acute, folding short of end of tail. Tail moderate, 
graduated, 16—-feathered. One species. 
O. gigan’tea. (Lat. gigantea, gigantic.) GIANT FULMAR. BONE-BREAKER. The largest 
of the petrels, equalling most of the albatrosses in size. Length about 3.00 feet; spread 
7.00 feet; wing 20.00 inches; tail 8.00; bill 3.50-4.00, the nasal case nearly 2.00; tarsus 
3.50; middle or outer toe and claw nearly 6.00; inner do. 4.50. Plumage very variable 
with age or other circumstances: usually dark dingy gray, or uniform fuliginous above, paler, 
whitish or white below; wings and tail uniform dusky; bill mostly yellow (dried) ; feet 
dingy yellowish or brownish-black. Pacific Ocean ; ‘‘ common off Monterey.” 
FUL/MARUS. (Latinized from Eng. fulmar.) Futmars. Of moderate size, and general 
gull-like aspect; white with pearly-blue mantle. Bill shorter than tarsus, about two-thirds 
as long as head, very robust, especially at base, with turgid sides; hook short, stout, very 
convex, rising almost from the end of the nasal case; commissure greatly curved ; outline 
of mandibular rami a little concave ; gonys ascending; grooves of both mandibles profound. 
Nasal tube long, nearly half the culmen, prominent, turgid, with straight upper outline, 
truncate emarginate end and thin partition. Wings of moderate length, folding about to end 
of tail; primaries broad, tapering rapidly to rounded ends, 2d nearly as long as Ist. Tail 
of 14 feathers broad to their ends, somewhat graduated. Feet rather small, gull-like; tibie 
bare below; tarsus compressed, three-fourths as long as middle toe and claw. Outer and 
middle toes with claws of about equal lengths; hind toe appearing as a stout sessile claw. 
One species, of several varieties. 
F. glacia/lis. (Lat. glacialis, icy.) Funmar. Length 15.00-20.00 inches, averaging 16.50; 
wing 11.00-13.00 ; tail 4.00 or 5.00; chord of culmen 1.50 (1.80-1.80); bill about 0.75 deep 
at base, and nearly as wide ; nasal tube 0.60 long; tarsus 2.00 (average); middle toe without 
elaw 2.25. Adult ¢ 9: White; mantle pale pearly-blue, restricted to back and wings, or 
extending on head and tail; usually a dark spot in front of eye; quills dark ashy-brown. 
Bill yellow, tinged with sea-green on culmen and lower mandible, the opening of the nostrils 
black ; feet drying dingy yellowish, said to be delicate French gray in life; iris brown. 
Young: Smoky-gray, paler below, the feathers of the upper parts with darker margins; 
primaries as in the adult; colors of bill and feet obscured. Extraordinarily abundant in the N. 
