800 SYSTEMATIC SYNOPSIS.— PYGOPODES. 
Neither mandible grooved. Covering of ee in 2 pieces. Inner lateral claw normal. 
Tarsus scutellate in front. . . . A . + Ceratorhina 339 
Eyelids simple. Variously crested. Bill of Eetaterminate alae: various dae moultels in 1-7 pieces. 
No soft rosette. Inner claw normal, Tarsusreticulate . . . - + . «+ . Simorhynchus 340 
Eyelids simple. Not crested ? Bill acute; upper mandible suintes no jaan of bill known. No 
rosette. Inner claw normal. Tarsusreticulate .. . . . . .«Ptychorhamphus 341 
ALCIN2. Nostrils more or less completely feathered. Bill of ee shares as far as known not 
appendaged with deciduous elements. Head not crested (except one species). Seasonal changes of 
plumage usually marked. 
Bill elongate, more or less slender, without vertical grooves. 
Nostrils nearly circular, incompletely feathered. Bill short and stout for this group. Tarsus 
scarcely compressed, scutellate in front . . . 5 piece) telP Me phe? ph ELC 
Nostrils broadly oval, incompletely feathered. Bill prc comererect Tail nearly even. Tarsus 
extremely compressed, scutellate in front andinternally. . ... . . Synthliborhamphus 3438 
Nostrils oval, feathered. Bill very small, slender, acute. Tarsus reticulate. .Brachyrhamphus 344 
Nostrils narrow, feathered. Bill about equal to tarsus. Tarsusreticulate . .. . . . Una 3845 
Nostrils narrow, densely feathered. Bill longer than tarsus. Tarsus scutellate in front Zomvia 346 
Bill elongate, stout, high, narrow, vertically grooved. Nostrils linear, densely feathered. 
Wings fully developed, fitfor fioWGeeeeeee se) Welle) nt opp ioniiet tote mt ECOL ACLTI CUTOUT 
Wings reduced in size, unfit for flight . . .. . « . Alea 348 
Oss. Many additional characters of these remarkable poner are Caen ander their reapedteve heads. 
76. Subfamily PHALERIDINA: Parrot Auks, etc. 
Characters as above. This subfamily contains a number of curious birds of the Auk 
family for which there is no single English name. With one exception (that of the Common 
Puffin or Sea Parrot of the Atlantic) all are confined to North Pacific and Polar waters. 
Without known exception (but qu. Ptychorhamphus ?) all these birds have the bill appendaged 
with deciduous elements, which is not the case with the Alcine proper; but the subfamily is 
not very sharply distinguished from Alene, such forms as Ptychorhamphus and Alle being 
connecting links. The genera Fratercula and Lunda are together so different from the rest 
that some authors separate them as a family Mormonde ; but this seems scarcely advisable. 
337, FRATER'CULA. (Dimin. of frater, a brother: what application?) SEA Parrots. * 
MASKING PuFFINS: the grotesque bill being likened to the comic mask of revellers at a 
carnival, and be- 
ing as it were put 
on for the nuptial 
festivities, and af- 
terward removed. 
* Bill about as long 
as head, about as 
high as _ long, 
extremely com- 
pressed, with 
nearly vertical 
sides, its lateral 
profile somewhat 
triangular, its 
depth at base 
Fia. 533. — Head of Sea Parrot (Ff, arctica), nat. size. (Ad nat. del. E. C.) equal to that of 
the head ; culmen beginning on a level with the forehead, thence curving downward with regular 
bonvexity to the overhanging tip, its ridge sharp and unbroken throughout ; commissure straight 
and horizontal to the decurved tip; gonys sharp, ascending, gently sinuous. Terminal portions 
of both mandibles hard, horny, and persistent, depressed with several oblique curved grooves, 
convex forward. Basal portion of upper mandible forming a narrow obtuse-angled triangular 
