37. 
38. 
39. 
40. 
4l., 
42. 
43. 
828 SYSTEMATIC SYNOPSIS OF FOSSIL BIRDS. 
Based upon part of a tarso-metatarsus Fat near Fort McKinney, Texas, in beds of middle 
Cretaceous age. Deposited in the Yale Museum. 
ICHTHYORNIS TENER. 
Ichthyornis tener, MARSH, Odont., 1880, p. 198, pl. xxx, fig. 8. 
From the Pteranodon beds of the middle Cretaceous, Wallace County, Kansas ; two speci- 
mens, secured in 1876, and now preserved at the Yale College Museum. 
ICHTHYORNIS VALIDUS. 
Ichthyornis validus, MARSH, Odont., 1880, p. 198, pl. xxx, figg. 11-14. 
Discovered in 1877, in the yellow chalk of the middle Cretaceous, near Solomon River, in 
northwestern Kansas. The known specimens are deposited in the Museum of Yale College. 
ICHTHYORNIS VICTOR. (See p. 64, fig. 16.) 
Ichthyornis victor, MARsH, Am. Journ. Sci., xi, June, 1876, p. 511. —Ib., Odont., 1880, 
p- 199, pll. xxvii-xxxiv. — Dana, Man. Geol., 1880, pp. 466-468, pl. v. 
A species of the genus rather larger than a pigeon, of which more than forty specimens 
have been found in various localities in Kansas, all apparently from the same geological horizon 
in the middle Cretaceous. These are preserved in the Museum of Yale College. 
LAORNIS EDVARDSIANUS. 
Laornis edvardsianus, MARSH, Proc. Phila. Acad., Jan., 1870, p. 5. —Ib., Am. Journ. 
Sci., xlix, Mar., 1870, p. 206.— In. ibid., v, Mar., 1873, p. 230. — A. Mitnz-Epw., Rech. 
Ossem. Foss., ii, 1871, p. 540.— Cougs, Key, 1872, p. 8350. — Marsu, Odont., 1880, p. 199. 
This species was nearly as large asa swan. The remains by which it is represented were 
found in the middle marl bed, of upper Cretaceous age, at Birmingham, New Jersey, and are 
now in the Museum of Yale College. 
PALAXOTRINGA LITORALIS. 
Paleotringa littoralis, MARsH, Proce. Phila. Acad., Jan., 1870, p. 5. —Ip., Am. Journ. 
Sci., xlix, Mar., 1870, p. 208. — A. Miune-Epw., Rech. Ossem. Foss., ii, 1871, p. 540. — 
Cougs, Key, 1872, p. 349. — Marsu, Am. Journ. Sci., v, Mar., 1873, p. 229. —Ib., Odont., 
1880, p. 199. 
A bird about as large as a curlew. The remains representing it were discovered in the 
green-sand of the upper Cretaceous, near Hornerstown, New Jersey, and are preserved in the 
collection at Yale College. 
PALZOTRINGA VAGANS. 
Paleotringa vagans, MArsH, Am. Journ. Sci., iii, May, 1872, p. 365.— Cougs, Key, 
1872, p. 349. — Marsu, Am. Journ. Sci., v, Mar., 1873, p. 229. 
From the same formation and locality as the last; of smaller size, being intermediate 
between the other two species of the genus. The specimens upon which this species is based 
are preserved in the Yale College Museum. 
PALA OTRINGA VETUS. 
Scolopax, MorTON, Syn. Organic Remains of the Cret., U. 8., 1834, p. 32. — HARLAN, 
Med. and Phys. Res., 1835, p. 280. 
Paleotringa vetus, MARSH, Proc. Phila. Acad., Jan., 1870, p. 5. —Ip., Am. Journ. Sci., 
xlix, Mar., 1870, p. 209. — A. MitnE-Epw., Rech. Ossem. Foss., ii, 1871, p. 540. —CouzEs, 
Key, 1872, p. 349.— Marsu, Am. Journ. Sci., v, Mar., 1873, p. 229. — Ip., Odont., 1880, 
p- 200. 
The first fossil bird of North America appears to have been noted by Dr. Morton in 1834, 
as that of a snipe-like species. The specimen, consisting of a femur imperfect at the upper 
extremity, was presented by S. W. Conrad to Dr. Harlan, who remarks that ‘the bone 
appears to be perfectly mineralized.” It was found near Arneytown, New Jersey, in the lower 
marl bed of the Cretaceous formation. This same specimen (which meanwhile had been 
generally regarded as of a recent species, notwithstanding its condition and the position in which 
