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are the only measures that can be taken that will have a tendency to 
ward off an impending invasion. 
We have found that where serious damage has been done to fields 
of grain in late winter and spring such fields had become seriously 
infested during the preceding autumn. The carrying out of these 
measures in the southern portion of the country has a tendency to 
protect the grain fields farther north, for we have had additional 
illustration of the fact that winged individuals are, during the spring 
months, being almost continuously carried northward by the wind. 
It is somewhat a question as to whether the spring-sown oats far- 
ther north would suffer to a less degree if there were no invasion 
in the South in fields of fall-sown grain, both of oats and wheat. 
While it is not possible for an insect to make its way or be carried 
by the wind from Texas to northern Kansas, Missouri, southern Ili- 
nois, Indiana, and Ohio, nevertheless continuous breedings to the 
southward certainly do influence the numbers over this last-mentioned 
territory. 
If the farmers of the country, instead of being carried away by 
the highly colored newspaper reports of the effect of the introduc- 
tion of a few parasites in their fields, will seek to evade the pest by 
the destruction of volunteer grain in the fall and late sowing in the 
extreme South and turn their attention to better farm methods, in- 
cluding not only cultural methods but by all means rotation of crops, 
watching for and stamping out the pest when it first appears in the 
South in the fall and winter, they will in all probability suffer far 
less from destruction of their crops when the next invasion of this 
pest occurs. 
Approved: 
JAMES WILSON, 
Secretary of Agriculture. 
WasuineoTon, D. C., April 27, 1909. 
[Cir 93] 
O 
