16 
experiments in spraying with kerosene emulsion and with whale-oil 
soapsuds. From these experiments it was found possible to destroy 
50 per cent or more of the “ green bugs” at an expense of about $4 
per acre. This treatment, of course, is intended for use only where, 
as seems to be more usual to the southward, the outbreaks of the 
pest originate in spots in the fields. 
Mr. Ainslie also tried covering some of these spots with straw and 
burning it, thus destroying of course both grain and “ green bugs.” 
This, too, gave encouraging results, and probably would prove effect- 
ive if applied earlier in the season, when the pest first begins to 
appear and the infested spots are small. 
At Hooker, Okla., Ma. Phillips tried the efficiency of plowing these 
spots under, and as the field in which he was working was isolated 
and the * green bugs” did not make their way in from without, he 
was able to show conclusively that such outbreaks, under certain 
conditions, may be stopped. 
In summing up these field experiments, then, it is found that these 
spots may be treated successfully either by plowing under and har- 
rowing and rolling the surface of the ground, by spreading straw 
over them and burning, or by treating with a 10 per cent solution of 
kerosene emulsion. Except in the southernmost regions infested by 
this pest, however, the greatest difficulty does not arise from these 
isolated colonies, which seem to extend outward day after day, but 
from the fact that, after their food supply has become either largely 
destroyed or the grain too old and tough for them to feed upon, 
immense swarms of winged adults are produced, and these drift 
in general northward with the advance of the season and infest the 
erain fields of entire sections of the country much earlier and more 
completely than would be possible from the scanty stock natively 
present. This habit is also seen in the behavior of the pest in its 
original home in Europe. It may therefore prove that the country 
north of the Red River may be more or less protected if the pest can 
be early overcome in northern Texas. 
AGRICULTURAL METHODS OF CONTROL. 
The fact that the * green bug” in the South originates in spots in 
the grain fields has been alluded to, and also that from these fields 
come the vast swarms of winged females that develop and drift over 
the country, dispersing themselves in uninfested fields. Early sown 
fields, or fields overgrown with volunteer grain, seem especially to 
invite early attack in the more southern localities. Where these im- 
mense swarms settle down in a section of country, even the best fields 
[Cir. 93] 
