fi 
creases their effectiveness; but these washes will injure some delicate 
plants. Moreover, they have no more value as insecticides than 
neutral scaps of the castile and Ivory type, or such as are used by 
physicians and surgeons. 
For the red spider, as it occurs in greenhouses, particularly on plants, 
such as violets, that:are liable to injury from sulphur, no other rem- 
edy is employed by florists generally than frequent syringing or spray- 
ing with water or with a soap solution. Neutral soaps are valuable, 
particularly upon cuttings affected with the red spider, and the best 
results have been obtained in the proportion of a 5-cent cake to 6 or 7 
gallons of water. The soap is shaved with a small plane, dissolved 
in about a gallon of hot water, and then sufficient cold water is added 
to make the quantity desired. Five gallons are sufficient for the treat- 
ment of three or four thousand cuttings of violets. It is customary 
to allow the soap to remain on the plants two or three hours and then 
to syringe thoroughly with clear water, repeating this treatment 
two or three times, until the “spiders” and their eggs have been 
destroyed. Used thus, the soap has little if any deleterious effect 
upon most plants. : 
Kerosene-soap emulsion—An emulsion may be prepared by com- 
bining 2 gallons of kerosene and one-half pound 
of whale-oil soap (or 1 quart of soft soap) with 1 
gallon of water. The soap is dissolved in boiling 
water and then poured while still boiling hot 
(away from the fire) into the kerosene. The mix- 
ture is churned rapidly for five or ten minutes, 
pumping the liquid back upon itself by means of 
a force pump and direct-discharge nozzle throw- — y¢. 3. —E1pow attach- 
menasurons stream. At the end of this time the . ment » for under 
mixture will have the consistency of thick cream. fae aS 
Properly prepared, an emulsion will keep almost indefinitely, and 
should be diluted as needed for use. For the red spider the staple 
emulsion should be diluted with about 10 parts of water. In the 
preparation of kerosene emulsion a force pump is required, since if 
not made according to directions a perfect emulsion is not formed and 
there is then danger of injury to the plants or useless waste. There is 
danger and waste, too, if the insecticide is not applied by means of a 
fine nozzle in the form of a spray, which should be fine and mist-like. 
It should be sprayed only for a sufficient time to cover the plants; 
otherwise the liquid forms into globules and runs off. An elbow 
attachment for underspraying is shown in figure 3. 
Lye-sulphur.—The lye-sulphur remedy was given a thorough test 
against the red spider in its occurrence on beans in Florida, having 
been applied May 28, 1908, with the result that 98 per cent of the red 
spiders were killed without in the least affecting the plants treated. 
[Cir, 104] 
