8 
This shows better results than with any of the four insecticides 
which were tested in that locality by Mr. H. M. Russell,‘ 3 per cent 
more of the mites being destroyed than by the use of kerosene emul- 
sion, which slightly injured the plants; 7 per cent more than with the 
use of sulphur water, and it proved to be much better than lme- 
sulphur, which was hardly a success as compared with the others. 
Lye-sulphur is prepared as follows: 
Mix 20 pounds of flowers of sulphur into a paste with cold water; then add 
10 pounds of pulverized caustic soda (98 per cent). The dissolving lye will 
boil and liquefy the sulphur. Water must be added from time to time to pre- 
vent burning, until a concentrated solution of 20 gallons is obtained. Two gal- 
lons of this is sufficient for 50 gallons of spray, giving a strength of 2 pounds of 
sulphur and 1 of lye to 50 gallons of water. An even stronger application can 
be made without danger to the foliage. This mixture can also be used in com- 
bination with other insecticides (Marlatt, Farmers’ Bulletin 172). 
Tobacco water.—Tobacco water is of some use for destroying the 
red spider, but can not be recommended for violets, owing to its 
tendency to weaken the foliage and induce “ spot.” 
Water.—Spraying with water is usually practiced two or three 
times a week during the growing season, and by a little practice and 
experiment with a fine-spray nozzle or tip the operator is soon able 
to ascertain the proper degree of force to use. A pressure of about 25 
pounds has proved most effective against this red spider. Care 
should be exercised to wash off the “ spiders” and at the same time 
to avoid drenching the beds. When it is necessary to spray during 
winter, work should be done on a bright day, in order that the plants 
may dry off in a few hours. Water is also of use on shade trees and 
shrubs in parks. 
NOZZLE AND TIP FOR GREENHOUSE USE. 
Since the general adoption of spraying as a remedy for the red 
spider, the problem of how to apply a water or other spray so as not 
to drench the beds has been an important one. To accomplish this 
object, Dr. B. T. Galloway, Chief of the Bureau of Plant Industry, 
has devised a small spraying tip which answers the purpose ad- 
mirably, being particularly serviceable where plants are syringed or 
sprayed on a large scale. The following description of the nozzle is 
taken from Circular 17 of the Division of Vegetable Physiology and 
Pathology: 
The spray tip proper is attached to a brass fitting, which in turn screws onto 
the end of a three-quarter-inch hose. The apparatus is very effective for spray- 
ing roses, as it readily serves to keep the leaves in a thoroughly healthy condi- 
“For particulars see article by H. M. Russell in Journal of Economic En- 
tomology, Vol. I, pp. 377-380, 1908. 
[ Cir. 104] 
