cavities here and there in the flesh, and when infested with several 

 larvae the j^ulp will be usually quite honeycombed with their burrows 

 and more or less broken down into a yellowish mass, merely held 

 together by the skin. (See fig. 1, e.) 



DISTRIBUTIOX AND DESTRUCTIVENESS, 



The apple maggot is a native American species, its natural food 

 being haws (Crataegus), and in at least one instance it has been bred 

 from crab-apples. Its feeding upon cultivated apples is thus an ac- 

 quired habit, and although the insect has been reported from widely 

 separated points in the central and eastern States, indicating its pos- 

 sible general distribution, for some reason it does not attack the apple 

 throughout its range, but only in certain localities and portions of the 

 country. This circumstance is a fortunate one for the apj^le grower, 

 and from a scientific standpoint is of much interest. Walsh thought 

 it might be explained on the supposition of the development in the 

 New England States, where its injuries to apples were first noticed, 

 of a race of apple-infesting individuals, the descendants of which, 

 with the acquired habit, have been gradually distributed to other 

 localities. 



The apple maggot was described by Walsh in the American Jour- 

 nal of Horticulture for December, 1867, pages 338-343, and also in 

 the First Report of the Acting State Entomologist of Illinois, from 

 flies from eastern apples and from Illinois haws. Adult specimens 

 from this latter fruit had been secured by him some five or six years 

 earlier, and in Jul}'. 1867, he reared flies from maggots infesting ap- 

 ples from Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York, and conclu- 

 sively showed the identity of the insects infesting haws in Illinois 

 with those infesting apples in the northeastern part of the United 

 States. In the Xew England States mentioned, however, the species 

 had been noted as an enemy of apple for some years before the time 

 of Walsh's description. By 1866 it was common in the Hudson Eiver 

 country, at North Hempstead, Long Island, in the Oneida commu- 

 nity in New York State, at East Falmouth, Mass., and probably in 

 Vermont, and it occurred in Connecticut." 



called Mediterranean fruit fly, or Bermuda peach maggot, is widely distributed, 

 infesting a considerable variety of soft fruits, as oranges, peaches, plums, 

 pineapples, and bananas, but fortunat<>]y has not yet been introduced into the 

 United States. In Europe TcpIirHi.s onoperdinis Fab. injures celery, and T. 

 iryoni Froggatt seriously infests, in i^ortions of Australia, bananas, peaches, 

 oranges, etc., and another species of this genus {psidi Froggatt) in that country 

 infests guavas. Trypeta musw Froggatt seriously injures bananas in the New 

 Hebrides. Some of these species are very general feeders, and the greatest 

 care should be exercised, especially in the case of the Bermuda peach maggot, 

 that they be not introduced into the United States. 



« First Kept. Acting State Ent. Illinois, pp. 2!)-3;} (1S(i7). 

 ICir. 1011 



