5) 
surrounding the tougher parchment-like lining. The silk of the 
cocoon is intermixed with a yellow powdery substance which readily 
comes off when disturbed. Cocoons are made more or less singly, 
though in suitable shelter near the nest several may be found spun 
together, the larvee taking advantage of the same protection. Co- 
coons are frequently found within the nest, though these will usually 
prove to be parasitized. 
The pupa—Within the cocoon the larva changes to a short, oval, 
brownish pupa, as shown at ¢, fig. 1. This stage lasts about three 
weeks, the time varying somewhat; then the moth appears. 
The adult——Both sexes of the tent caterpillar moth are shown in 
fig. 1, the female to the left. These are dull reddish-brown, stout- 
bodied moths, with a wing expanse in the females of about 1.5 to 2 
inches, and in the males of from 1.2 to 1.3 inches. Obliquely across 
the forewings of each sex are two nearly parallel whitish lines, as 
shown in the illustration. Soon after emergence the sexes mate, and 
eggs are deposited on limbs and twigs. There is but one generation 
each year, the insects existing in the egg stage throughout the remain- 
ing summer and fall and through the winter, the young larvee com- 
ing from the eggs in early spring and forming their nests, or tents, as 
stated. 
NATURAL ENEMIES. 
This species is subject to attack by numerous parasitic and pre- 
daceous enemies, which undoubtedly exert an important influence in 
keeping it reduced. Very minute, four-winged flies of the order 
Hymenoptera deposit their eggs within those of the tent caterpillar 
moth, the resulting larve or grubs finding sufficient food for their 
growth and development to parent flies. Four eg@ parasites have 
been recorded for this species, namely, Z’elenomus clisiocampe Riley, 
Pteromalus sp., Platygaster sp., and <Ablerus clisiocampe Ashm., 
the latter record, however, being undoubtedly incorrect, since this 
species is parasitic upon scale insects. 
Larve and pupe furnish food for a large number of parasites 
and hyperparasites. Thus W. F. Fiske records a total of some 24 
species of insects which directly or indirectly feed upon the tent 
caterpillar. Primary parasites which have been recorded from the 
larva and pupa are: Pimpla conquisitor Say (see figs. 8 and 4), P.. 
inguisitor Say, P. pedalis Cress., P. annulipes Brullé, Apanteles con- 
gregatus var. rufocowalis Riley, A. clisiocampe Ashm., Limnerium 
fugitivum Say, Ameloctonus clisiocampe Weed, Anomalon exile 
Prov., A. anale Say, Spilocryptus extrematus Cress., Rhogas inter- 
medius Cress., Bracon gelechiw Ashm., Diglochis omnivorus Walk., 
@Tech. Bul. No. 6, N. H. College Agric. Exp. Sta., p. 2 (1903). 
[Cir. 98] 
