Contents. 



IX 



Paga 



Variation 53 



The five phases of Variation in birds, 53 — 1. Individual variation: its universality, 53 



— Range of individual variation, 54 — Psychological differences of individuals, 54 — 

 Monstrosities, 55 — Albinism, melanism, etc., 55 — Dichromatism, 55 — Modifications due 

 to foreign violence, food, etc., 56 — 2. Geographical variation: New species arising 

 under geographical isolation, 57 — Increase of size in the Sangi and Talaut Islands, 58, 59 



— Decrease in Sula, 60 — Similar geographical variations of coloration, 61 — ;■!. Seasonal 

 changes: almost unknown in the tropics, 63 — The moult, 63 — Change of coloration 

 without a moult, 63 — 4. Sexual differences: classification thereof, 64 — The psycho- 

 logical differences of the sexes, 65 — Theories in explanation of the development of secondary 

 sexual characters, 66 — 69 — 5. Changes depending upon Age: classification thereof, 70 



— Ancestral characters, 71 ■ — their value in questions of descent and of geographical distri- 

 bution, 72 — Phylogenetic value of the tips of feathers, 73 — Hereditary effects of shelter 

 and exposure: the tail-feathers of Prioniturus, 73 — of Merops, 76 — other cases, 77 — 

 Effects of light, 78—75. 



Geographical Distribution 80 



The contrast between the Oriental and Australasian faunas and floras, 80 — Status of geolo- 

 gical knowledge of the East Indian Archipelago, 80 — Wallace's line: Wallace's opinions 

 thereon, 81 — Blyth, 82 — Pijnappel, 82 — v. Pelzeln, 82 — Veth, 82 — Allen on the 

 mammals 82 — Semper, 83 — Kriimmel on the sea-depths, 83 — Martin, 83, 85 — 

 Wichmann, 84 — Drude, 84 — Heilprin, 84 — Marshall, 84 — Kan, 84 — Reichenow, 84 



— Schuiling, 84 — Jentink on the mammals, cS^ — Reclus, 85 — v. Martens on the 

 land-shells, 85, 87, 88 — Warburg, 85 — Trouessart, 85 — P. L. Sclater, 85 — Flower and 

 Lydekker, 86 — van der Lith, 86 — Haeckel, 86 — Haacke, 86 — Newton, 86 — Sharpe, 86 



— Guillemard, 86 — Weber on the fresh-water fishes, 87 — Beddard, 87 — Lydekker, 87 



— Hedley on land-shells, 87 — Supan, 88 — Kiikenthal, 88 — W. L. Sclater on the 

 manmials 88, — Niermeyer, 88 — The conflict of opinions, 88 — Table of the Geogra- 

 phical Distribution of the Birds of the Celebesian Area, 90 — 111 — Peculiar 

 genera and species of Celebes, 112 — Table showing the estimated value of the affinities of 

 the peculiar species of Celebes, 115 — 117 — Summary of the various comisonents of the avifauna 

 of Celebes, 118 — List of the Birds of the Sangi Islands, 120 — of the Talaut Islands, 121 



— Affinities of the peculiar species of Sangi and Talaut, 122 — List of the Birds of the 

 Peling Group, 123 — of the Sula Islands, 124 — Evidences of the foi-mer union of Peling 

 and Sula, 125 — List of the Birds of Saleyer Island, 125 — of the Djampea Group, 126 



— Affinities of the peculiar species of Saleyer and Djampea, 126 — List of the Birds of 

 Togian Island, 126 — Peculiar species and subspecies of Celebes (Mainland), 127 — Differences 

 of the birds of the North and South Peninsulas, 128 — Results, 130. 



Meyer & Wigleswortli Birds of Celetes (May 2iJth, 1898). 



