Introduction : Seasons and Winds. 27 



In the South Peninsula the rainy and dry seasons are generally much 

 more strongly contrasted than in N. Celebes. On the west side of this Peninsula 

 the N.W. Monsoon brings great quantities of wet and the S.E. Monsoon for 

 some months very fine weather. On the opposite east coast the converse of 

 this is the rule. This is well shown by the rainfall at Balang Nipa which lies 

 on the east coast of the Peninsiila in about the same latitude as Macassar some 

 60 miles distant on the west coast: May, June and July are among the fine 

 months at Macassar, while great quantities of rain fall at this time at Balang 

 Nipa; but December, January, February and March are fine months at Balang 

 Nipa, during which Macassar receives deluges of rain. Bonthain on the south 

 coast of this Peninsula is sheltered from the N.W. Monsoon by the great 

 Bonthain mass of mountains, and its seasons correspond with those of Balang 

 Nipa, except that much less rain falls. Dr. van der St ok has most obligingly 

 sent us tables showing the direction of the winds at Bonthain in the years 1886, 

 1887 and 1888. These are chiefly westerly from December to April, veering 

 from S.W. to W.N.W. and generally changing a point or two in the course of 

 each day; from May till the end of November the general direction is east, 

 N.E. to S.S.E., with similar changes during the course of the day. 



The following are the tables in the "Regenwaarnemingen in Ned. Ind." for 

 the South Peninsula of Celebes (see next page). 



One of the only two injurious winds known in the Dutch East Indies is 

 found on the west coast of Celebes between Maros and Mandar and called the 

 "Barubu". It blows yearly during the months of July, August and the beginning 

 of September from the E. N. E. and extends about a geographical mile seawards. 

 It causes a difficulty in breathing, dries up the lips and the throat, bringing 

 about inflammation of the eyes and often long- lasting fevers (de Hollander, 

 1882, I, 86). The botanist Teijsmann experienced this wind in the South Pen- 

 insula at Pankadjene, Tjamba (6*'' September) and Bantimurang (26"' September). 

 He describes it as a wind which covers everything with fine dust, as very unplea- 

 sant, and at sea often very dangerous (N. T. Ned. Ind. 1879, 60, 78). A similar 

 obnoxious wind is the "Anging bolo" of Bima, Sumbawa. 



The temperature of Celebes is not high, seldom exceeding 32" C. (26" R., 

 90" F.). The tables show that August and September are the driest months at 

 nearly all spots where the rainfall has been observed. On the whole, as a glance 

 at our maps III and IV will show, Celebes has the same seasons as the islands 

 lying south of the equator, as indeed should be the case from its geographical 

 position; but at a few spots both in North and South Celebes traces of the 

 minimum of rainfall in February, which is characteristic of N. Borneo and 

 N. Sumatra, may be noticed. 



Sanqi. — The rainy season seems to set in after October. Dr. Platen, 

 writing from Great Sangi in January, 1887. speaks of having been confined to 

 the house for weeks by ceaseless rain falling in the N. W. Monsoon. (Gefied. 

 Welt, 1887, 263). 



