84 Introduction: Wallace's line. 



the frontier to the north-west of Timor; the sea-depths would allow it just as 

 well, and in this case at least a separation of geognostically different regions 

 would be attained." (A. Wichmann, however, appears to reckon Timor, etc., 

 to the former Asiatic continent, see: Samml. des geol. Reichs-Mus. in Leiden, 



1. Ser. Bd. II, p. 201, 1887.) 



(). Drude, 1884 ("Die Florenreiche der Erde": Erg. Heft Nr. 74 zu 

 Petermann's Mitth. p. 62*"), acknowledges the Une as a floristic frontier, to 

 which opinion he still adheres in 1890 ("Handbuch der Pflanzengeographie", 

 }). 150 and Map I; see also: "Atlas der Pflanzenverbreitung" Berghaus' Phys. 

 Atlas. 5, No. 1, 1887). 



A. Heilprin, 1887 ("The Geographical and Geological Distribution of 

 Animals" p. 107, and map), adopts an Austro-malaysian Transition Region, which 

 is bounded to the west by Wallace's line, to the east and south by New Guinea 

 and Australia, to the north by Mindanao. 



W. Marshall, 1887 ("Atlas der Tierverbreitung": Berghaus' Phys. Atlas. 

 VI. Abth. p. I", Map III), simply adopts the line. 



C. M. Kan, in a paper published in 1888 on the "Bodengesteldheid der 

 eilanden en diepte der Zeeen van den ind. Archip." (see: T. Ned. Aard. Gen. 



2. ser. vol. Y. Meer uitgebreide art. p. 219, with map IV) does not recognize the 

 line for reasons indicated in the title of his paper. 



A. Reichenow, in 1888 ("Die Begrenzung zoogeogiaphischer Regionen 

 vom ornithologischen Standpunkt": Zool. Jahrb. Abt. f. Syst. Ill, G99'i, recognizes 

 an Eastern Zone with an Eastern Temperate Region, an Ethiopian Region and 

 a Malayan Region as far as Wallace's line (see also map XXVI), and a Southern 

 Zone which extends to the west up to Wallace's line; he, therefore takes 

 Celebes as non-Oriental. 



R. Schuiling, in a special dissertation: "De grenslijn van Wallace eene 

 continentale grens", 1888 (T. Ned. Aard. Gen. 2. ser. V, p. 523), came to the 

 conclusion (p. 548), that Geology, Zoology and Oceanogi'aphy teach: "Celebes 

 belongs to Asia". 



F. A. Jentink, in 1889 (1. c. VI, 244 , showed p. 246), that we are very far 

 from such an adetpiate knowledge of the mammals of Bali and Lombok as to justify 

 Wallace's affirmation (Island Life 1880 p. 4): "Bali and Lombok differ far 

 more from each other in their birds and quadrupeds than do England and 

 Japan," neither was Wallace justified in basing an argument on 16 land- 

 mammals as the ascertained number from Celebes, because as early as 1878 

 21 were already known and this large island has not been at all thoroughly 

 investigated yet. In 1888 there were already 26 land-mammals and 19 bats extant 

 from there, a number which is probably still far from the true total. There 

 was therefore no good reason whatever for drawing important conclusions with 

 such scanty knowledge.') 



'; Wc can only point to Mr. "Whitehead's recent discoveries of mammals on the high mountains of the 

 Philippines 'see: Ann. Mag. N. H. 1895, 6. ser. vol. XVI, 160j, in the conviction that such an experienced 



