^^ Introduction: Wallace's line. 



debatable land between the Oriental and Australian Regions, but more pro]ierly 

 attributable to the former". 



W. H. Flower & R. Lydekker, in 1891 (Introd. to the Study of Mammals 

 p. 102), regard Celebes as the typical representative of the Austro-Malayan tran- 

 sitional region or sub-region, but they do not define it and do not recur to 

 Wallace's line (except on p. 97;. 



P. A. van der Lith, 1893, gave (Nederl. Ost-Indie, 2. ed. I, 11) a sketch 

 of the facts and views concerning the line, but was inclined not to adopt 

 it. A very readable resume is to be found in J. F. van Bemmelen's book: 

 "Uit Indie", 1895, p. 146 et seq. 



E. Haeckel in 1893 ("Zur Phylogenie der australischen Fauna" in Semon's 

 Zool. Forschungsreisen, I p. V) adopts the line without entering critically into 

 this difficult and complicated question, though he presents us with the folloAving 

 astonishing affirmation: "An keinem anderen Punkte unserer Erde stehen zwei 

 benachbarte Thiergebiete in so auffallendem Gegensatze, als auf der schmalen 

 Grenze zwischen der indo-malayischen und austral-malayischen Region. Uber- 

 schi'eiten wir die schmale Meerenge am Siidende dieser Grenze. die tiefe Lombok 

 Strasse, so treten wir mit einem Male aus der Gegenwart in das mesozoische 

 Zeitalter [!]. Obgleich die beiden Nachbar-Inseln Bali und Lombok nur wenige 

 Meilen entfernt und im Allgemeinen denselben klimatischen Bedingungen unter- 

 worfen sind, erscheiut dennoch die charakteristische Landesfauna derselben giinz- 

 lich verschieden; und noch mehr gilt das, wenn wir die Mangkassar Strasse 

 iiberschreiten und von dein indischen Borneo nach dem australischen Celebes 

 iibersetzen. Der durchgreifende Gegensatz ihrer Vogel- und Siiugethier-Welt 

 ist so gross, dass er zu den schlagendsten chorologischen Argumenten des Trans- 

 formismus gerechnet werden muss."(!) 



W. Haacke, 1893, simply adopts the line (Schopfung der Thiervvelt" p. 238). 



A. Newton, also in 1893, ("A Dictionary of Birds", p. 317 — 363, and Map 

 facing p. ll, likewise accepts the line. Concerning Celebes he says: "To the 

 Papuan Region may be assigned, though with doubt, the wonderful island of 

 Celebes, presenting perhaps more anomalies than any other in the world, and 

 yet anomalies which, by the use of strictly scientific inference fas Mr. Wallace 

 has shewn us), may possibly tell a story that sounds so romantic and yet will 

 satisfy those who judge it more severely". 



R. B. Sharpe, likewise in 1893 ("On the Zoo-Geographical Areas of the 

 World, illustrating the Distribution of Birds": Natural Science III, 100 and map , 

 applies the Wallace-line as western frontier to his Australian Region; he recognizes a 

 Celebean Sub-Region, which, with the exception of the Sula Islands, coincides 

 with our Celebesian area, and a Moluccan Sub-Region, comprising everything 

 between Lombok, a line east of Celebes, New Guinea and Aru to the east, and 

 Australia to the south. 



F. H. H. Guillemard, when editing Mr. Wallace's "Australasia" in 1894, 

 likewise appears to have neglected literature when he says (p. 347 — a passage 



