]^]^4 Introduction: Geographical Distribution. 



17. Zosterops anomala M. & AVg. 2U. Ptilopits fscheri Briigg. 



18. Trichostoma celebense Strickl. 21. — yularis (Q. G.) 



19. Basileornis celehensis G. R. Gray 22. Carpophaga forsteni (Bp.' 



There are about 45 species in Celebes which may be relegated to the 

 III. Class, differing from one another about as much as Corvus corone L. from 

 Corvus comix L., and for the most part geogra])hical species. They need not 

 be tabulated again here, but in the following table these III. Class sjiecies have 

 been taken as the unit in computing the relationship of the avifauna of Celebes 

 with those of the neighbouring countries. "NVe have adopted the following scale: 



One III. Class species, or V.(!) Class genus =^ 1 



One II. Class species, or IV. Class genus ^ 2 



One I. Class species, or III. Class genus r= 4 



One II. Class genus = 8 



One I. Class genus ^ 16 



Species of lower value than the III. Class, and first class subspecies are 

 valued at -50; less pronounced races at -25. We have not troubled to make 

 finer estimations than these last'). 



In attaching a value in this manner to species or genera, room for error 

 due to the "personal equation" must be allowed for, but the method is obviously 

 better than the usual addition and substraction of genera and species as if they 

 were, respectively, units of equal worth. It is very evident, for instance, that 

 Megacephcdon suggests much more about ancient Celebes than does Gazzola, but 

 it is another question w^hether the value of the former (four times as great as 

 the latter) is correctly estimated. 



'j Besides the peeuliar species of Celebes and the neighbouring islands, there are about 200 other 

 Celebesian species which are either migratory or extend their range beyond the bounds of the area. They 

 may be tabulated as follows, with the premonition that there is great uncertainty as to whether some species 

 should be termed migratory or not: 



Species occurring both in the Oriental and Australasian Regions (often migratory) c. 60 



Asiatic migrants c. 64 



AustraUan migrants c. 5 



Asiatic non-migrants c. 38 



Australian non-migrants c. 34 



It is sufficiently obvious that these species liave nothing to say about the former distribution of land and water 

 in the East Indies, and they should not bo taken into consideration in questions of Geographical Distribution. 



