Introduction: Geographical Distribution. j^lQ 



That is to say, one-half of the peculiar birds of Celebes have their nearest 

 affinities in the Oriental Region, and one -fifth only in the Australian Region; 

 but the Australasian- forms seem to be on an average rather more strongly differ- 

 entiated than the Oriental forms. 



While the Philippines display nearly as many points of affinity with Celebes 

 as do all the other parts of the Oriental Region taken together, they also show 

 fewer points of dissimilarity — i. e. a far smaller number of genera not found 

 in Celebes. 



A comparison of all the genera occurring in the Philippines, Borneo, Java, 

 and Papuasia and the Moluccas with those of the Celebesian area gives the 



The figures show that, as regards genera, the Celebesian area agrees much 

 better with the Philippines than with the neighbouring countries.'-) 



We now turn to examine the various parts of the Celebesian area itself, 

 giving lists of the birds of the different groups of islands, with a few remarks 

 on their general afffnities and derivation. The relations of the Northern and 

 Southern Peninsulas of Celebes to one another are similarly discussed. 



1) The numbers are taken respectively from Prof. D. G. Worcester's "Contributions to Philippine 

 Ornithology" (Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 XX, pp. 551—564), Mr. Everett's "List of the Birds of the Bornean 

 Group of Islands" (J. Str. Br. E. A. S. 1889, pp. 96—212), Dr. Vorderman's "List of the Birds of Java" Nat. 

 Tdschr. Ned. Ind. 1885, XLIV, pp. 189—207), and Count Salvadori's "Orn. Papuasia e Molucc." 1880 — 82 

 vols. I— III. 



2) It would be suggestive to compare the number of the endemic genera and species of Celebes witli 

 those of other islands of the earth, say Borneo, IVEndanao, Java, Timor, New Guinea, New Zealand, Mada- 

 gascar, etc., etc., but such data are not yet readily available. It would, however, be worth while to draw up 

 such lists, as we possess them to a greater or less extent for plants. We mention for instance that endemic 

 genera of Phanerncjamae are known from Fiji 13, Ceylon 21, New Zealand 22, Sandwich Islands 32, the 

 Mascarenes 34, New Caledonia 38, Japan 48, Madagascar 91, and that from New Guinea about 35 are as yet 

 knoNvn ;see 0. Warburg, Bot, .Tahrb. 1891 XIII, 231). 



