8 
East and North, five or six days. This oil costs from 50 to 75 cents 
a gallon. The addition of a little sulphur or carbolic acid is of 
benefit, the latter making the application somewhat healing if any 
sores have been formed. Where only a few animals are to be treated, 
as a home supply of dairy cattle or a dairy herd, the application can 
be made with a common painter’s brush. It may be unnecessary to 
attempt to protect the entire animal, but only those parts not reached 
by the head or tail, although the more completely the animal is 
covered the greater will be the reduction of loss. 
In Virginia Prof. W. B. Alwood found that animals could be treated 
with the standard insecticide, kerosene emulsion, applied with a 
small hand-spray pump. This application killed all the flies that 
were actually wetted by it and gave protection to the treated animals 
for two days. With a little tobacco water added he found two appli- 
cations a week sufficient, using from 1 to 2 pints for each animal. 
The application was made just after milking, and was only tested 
on dairy animals. 
Kerosene emulsion is prepared after the following formula. The 
crude oil yields a stronger and more lasting product: 
Petroleum, refined or crude. Ble rape cla mtn iets See enter gallons... 2 
Whale-oil soap ce 1 Geert sort <E) ates due Mente ee eee ee eee pound.. 4 
Waiter (SOEG)S A 2r2 Sytem. te Se recto a aetna Se cine aoe gallon.. 1 
The soap, first finely divided, is dissolved in the water by boiling 
and immediately added boiling hot, away from the fire, to the oil. The 
whole mixture is then agitated violently while hot by being pumped 
back upon itself with a force pump and direct discharge nozzle throw- 
ing a strong stream, preferably one-eighth inch in diameter. After 
from three to five minutes’ pumping the emulsion should be perfect, 
and the mixture will have increased from one-third to one-half in bulk 
and assumed the consistency of cream. Well made, the emulsion will 
keep indefinitely and should+be diluted only as wanted for use. 
In limestone regions, or where the water is very hard, some of the 
soap will combine with the lime or magnesia in the water, and more 
or less of the oil will be freed, especially when the emulsion is diluted. 
Before use, such water should be broken with lye, or rain water should 
be employed. 
It may be used pure or diluted with one part of water for local 
applications with a brush, or with two or three parts of water as a 
spray. 
A mixture recommended by the Kansas Experiment Station, 
claimed to be as satisfactory and considerably cheaper than fish oil, 
is made after the following formula: Pulverized resin, 2 parts, by 
aPress Bul. No. 65, March 20, 1900. 
[Cir. 115] 
