335 Mr. H. Seebohm on the Ornithology of Siberia. 
CoryTHUs ENUCLEATOR (Linn.). 
We found the Pine-Grosbeak common in the forests on 
the Arctic circle in small parties on our arrival. When sum- 
mer came they dispersed in the woods, and were very rarely 
seen. I did not observe them further north. 
FRINGILLA MONTIFRINGILLA, Linn. 
The Brambling arrived at our winter-quarters on the Ist 
of June. I did not observe it further north than 69°. 
Livorta tinaria (Linn.). 
Linota ExiLrpes (Coues). 
At Yen-e-saisk’ we found large flocks of Redpoles in the 
first week in April; but they did not put in an appearance at 
the Koo-ray’-i-ka until the 28th of May. I obtained both 
these supposed species, and every possible intermediate form. 
The young in first plumage (No. 943, shot in the valley of 
the Yen-e-say’, in lat. 69°, on the 29th July) differs from 
the adult birds in having the edgings of the feathers of the 
plumage generally, but especially of the wing-coverts and 
innermost secondaries, greyish buff, instead of pure white. 
The feathers on the breast, flanks, and under tail-coverts 
have a dark streak in the centre. 
My series of these birds comprises forty carefully selected 
skins, from Norway, the Petchora, and the Yen-e-say’. 
Twenty-two of these are males, and eighteen are females. 
Two skins, one of a male and the other of a female, both shot 
in April, show considerable remains of the buff colour on the 
head, back, wing-coverts, and inner secondaries, characteristic 
of the bird of the year. Other skins show traces of this buff 
colour on the head and back only. 
These birds fly in such large flocks that one often gets a 
dozen or more at a shot. In selecting birds to skin I inva- 
riably chose all the birds showing red on the breast, rejecting 
a large proportion of those without red breasts ; nevertheless 
only half the males in my collection show any red on the 
breast. So far as it goes, this fact supports the theory of 
Mr. Hancock, that the red breast is a sign of immaturity. 
My red-breasted birds vary considerably inter se. Four of 
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