190 Mr. H. Seebohm on the Ornithology of Siberia. 
eight skins. The Siberian form is very beautiful, and almost 
entitled to rank as a subspecies. The entire bead and neck 
are pure white. The whole of the inside webs of the innermost 
secondaries are also pure white. In the British and Central- 
European forms the white on the wing is much less developed; 
but intermediate forms are not uncommon in North Europe. 
Dr. Theél informs me that he saw this species as far north 
as lat. 59°. ; 
CINCLUS LEUCOGASTER, Bonap. 
Bonaparte, in his ‘Conspectus’ (1. p. 252), ascribes this 
name to Eversmann; but I have been unable to find a 
reference to any publication of the name earlier than that of 
Bonaparte. Mr. Kibort has sent me two skins of a Dipper 
from the neighbourhood of Kras-no-yarsk', which I presume 
must belong to this species. Both are males; and both were 
shot on the same day, the 17th of November. The head 
and nape are sooty brown, much darker than in C. albicollis, 
and not so rufous as in C. aquaticus. The underparts of one 
skin agree with those of C. melanogaster ; but in the other 
the white on the breast extends further down, and instead of 
being sharply divided from the sooty black of the belly it 
gradually shades into it, passing through the various shades 
of greyish brown. The genus Cinclus presents many dif- 
ficulties. | Dresser, in his ‘ Birds of Europe,’ adds little 
or nothing to the facts collected by Salvin in ‘The Ibis’ 
of 1867, p. 109 et seg. I fail to be able to draw the 
distinction which Salvin does between local races and re- 
presentative species. If he were to examine the additional 
material which has come to hand since his article was 
written, I think he would agree with me that his local races 
are those of which he possessed a large series, whilst of. his 
representative species he was only able to obtain access to one 
or two skins. So far as I can see, there is only one species of 
Palearctic White-throated Dipper, of which the typical form 
inhabits Central and Southern Siberia, North India, Tur- 
kestan, Persia, and Asia Minor, and will probably stand as 
C. cashmiriensis, Gould. In East Siberia every intermediate 
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