13 



into the trees to reach the higher hmbs and branches and a long exten- 

 sion or bamboo rod is indispensable. The length of hose must be 

 adapted to the height of the trees to be treated, and a coarse nozzle, 

 such as the Bordeaux, will be preferable, as enabling the operator to 

 throw the spray some distance to inaccessible branches. A high- 

 pressure pump, from 150 to 200 pounds, is especially desirable, 

 though the writers have seen good work accomplished with an ordi- 

 nary barrel outfit. 



Spraying during the dormant season, however, may be practiced, 

 if the work may be more conveniently accomplished during this 

 time, using one of the winter sprays later mentioned, as lime-sulphur 

 wash, kerosene or crude petroleum emulsion (20 to 25 per cent 

 strength), or some of the miscible oils. 



TREATMENT OF CURRANTS, GOOSEBERRIES, ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS, 

 AND OTHER LOW-GROWING PLANTS. 



After proper pruning, shrubs and bushes infested with these two 

 scale pests should be thoroughly sprayed, preferably as the young 

 are hatching in the spring, using tKe summer-strength kerosene or 

 crude-petroleum emulsion or whale-oil soap wash. A knapsack or 

 bucket pump will be suitable for treating a few plants in yards, and 

 in view of the small amount of labor involved, a supplementary 

 application is advisable in a week or ten days to destroy any belated 

 larvae which escaped the first application. Where infested yard 

 plants are growing close to the wall of a building, this may be pro- 

 tected during the operation of spraying by a piece of tarpaulin or 

 other heavy cloth, or even refuse paper. 



SPRAY FORMULAS. 



Kerosene emulsion (stocJc solution, 66 'per cent oil). — Kerosene 

 emulsion is made after the following formula: 



Kerosene (coal oil, lamp oil) gallons. . 2 



Whale-oil or laundry soap (or 1 quart soft soap) pound. . ^ 



Water gallon . . 1 



The soap should first be dissolved in boiling water; then remove 

 vessel from the fire. Immediately add the kerosene, and thoroughly 

 agitate the mixture until a creamy solution results. The stock 

 emulsion may be more conveniently made by pouring the mixture 

 into the tank of a spray pump, and pumping the liquid through the 

 nozzle back into the tank for some minutes. The stock solution, 

 if well made, will keep for some months, and is to be diluted before 

 using. In order to make a 10 per cent spray (the strength for trees 

 in foliage) add to each 1 gallon of the stock solution about 5§ 

 gallons of water. For 20 and 25 per cent emulsions (for use on dor- 



[Cir. 121] 



