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CONTENTS. Xl 
Oyster Banks.—Pearl-fishing in Ceylon.—How are Pearls formed ?—The 
Tridaena gigas.—The Teredo navalis.—The Brachiopods——The Terebratule.— 
The Polyzoa.—The Sea-Mats.—The Escharee.—The Lepralie.—Bird’s Head 
Processes.—The Tunicata.—The Sea-Squirts.—The Chelyosoma.—The Botrylli. 
—The Pyrosomes.—The Salpz.—Interesting Points in the Organisation of the 
Tunieata : . 4 9 : : : - Page 270 
CHAPTER XVI. 
ECHINODERMATA, 
STAR-FISHES, SEA-URCHINS, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS. 
The Star-Fishes—Their Feet or Suckers.—Voracity of the Asterias.—The Rosy 
Feather-Star.—Brittle and Sand-Stars.—The real Sea-Stars of the British 
Waters.—The Sea-Urchins.—The Pedicellarize.—The Shell and the Dental Ap- 
paratus of the Sea-Urchins.—The Sea-Cucumhers.—Their strange Dismember- 
ments.—Trepang-fishing on the Coast of North Australia—In the Feejee 
Islands. 5 ‘ : c : : : . 328 
CHAPTER XVII 
CCQELENTERATA, 
POLYPS AND JELLY-FISHES. 
Thread-cells or Urticating Organs.—Sertularie.—Campanulariade.—Hydrozoie 
Acalephe.—Medusidze.—Lucernariad. — Calyeophoride.—The Velella.—The 
Portuguese Man-of-war.—Anecdote of a Prussian Sailor.—Alternating Fixed 
and Free-swimming Generations of Hydrozoa.— Actinozoa.— Ctenophora—Their 
Beautiful Construction.—Sea-anemones.—Dead Man’s Toes.—Sea-pens.—Sea- 
rods.— Red Coral.—Coral Fishery.—Isis hippuris.—Tropical Lithophytes.— 
History of the Coral Islands—Darwin’s Theory of their Formation—The 
progress of theis Growth above the level of the Sea . ° - 34d 
CHAPTER XVIII. 
PROTOZOA. 
The Foraminifera.—The Amcebe.—Their Wonderful Simplicity of Structure —The 
Polycystina.—Marine Infusoria.—Sponges.—Their Pores—Fibres and Spiculea— 
The Common Sponge of Commerce : ° 5 : . 378 
CHAPTER XIX. 
MARINE PLANTS. 
The Algz.—Zostera marina.—The Ulve and Enteromorphe.—The Fuci.—The 
Laminariz.—Macrocystis pyrifera.—Description of the Submarine Thickets at 
Tierra del Fuego.—Nereocystis lutkeana.—The Sargasso Sea.— The Gathering 
of edible Birds’-nests in the marine Caves of Java.—Agar-Agar.—The Floridesx. 
—The Diatomacese.—Their importance in the economy of the Seas . 390 
