62 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE SEA. 
On examining other coast-lands, in different parts of the 
globe, we shall everywhere find the influence of the reigning 
currents producing analogous effects to those I have already 
mentioned. 
The Southern Atlantic is not warmed like the European seas 
by tepid streams, it is exposed on all sides to the free afflux of 
the cold waters of the Antarctic Ocean, and during the summer 
months to the influence of drift ice. Thus, the southern ex- 
tremity of America, Terra del Fuego, the Falkland Islands, 
South Georgia, Sandwich Land, and other isles of the southern 
ocean, have a much colder climate than the European coasts 
and islands situated under the same latitude. 
Let us for instance compare the temperature of the Falkland 
Islands and of Port Famine in the Straits of Magellan, with 
that of Dublin, which is situated at an equal distance from the 
line. 
Mean Temperature, 
Latitude Winter. Summer. Annual, 
Dublin 3 A é o OBle2 ING +4:0° R. 15°39 9:69 
Port Famine 5 - > 908° 38'S. + 0.6 10:0 53 
Falkland Islands . cC =) O22 308S: 4°36 11:8 8-24 
Feroé Islands fm c Ol eaeN: 3°9 11°6 (Ei 
Thus the climate of the Falkland Islands is, as we see, not 
very different from that of the Feroé Islands, although the 
latter lie ten degrees farther from the equator. 
In the Pacific Ocean, as well as in the Atlantic, we find a 
westerly current filling the whole breadth of the tropical zone, 
from the coast of America to that of Australia and the Indian 
Archipelago. The best known of its affluxes is the cold Peru- 
vian stream, which, emerging from the Polar Sea, flows with 
ereat rapidity along the shores of Chili and Peru, and does not 
take a westerly direction, before reaching the neighbourhood of 
the line. It has everywhere a remarkably low temperature, 
comparatively to the latitude, and this sufficiently accounts for 
the equal and temperate climate on the coasts of Chili and Peru. 
Thus, the mean temperature of Callao (12° S. lat.) is only 20° R. 
while in Rio Janeiro (23° S. lat.), though so much farther from 
the line, the annual warmth rises to 23-2° R. 
In the beginning of November, Humboldt found at Callao 
the temperature of the sea within the current not higher than 
15°5°, while outside the stream it rose to 26° or even 28°5° R. 
