CHAP. XoX: 
THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF MARINE LIFE. 
The Dependence of all created Beings upon Space and Time.—The Infinences 
which regulate the Distribution of Marine Life.—The four Bathymetrical Zones 
of Marine Life on the British Coasts, according to the late Professor Edward 
Forbes of Edinburgh.—Abyssal Animals.—Bathybius Haeckclii—Deep-Sea 
Sponges and Shell-Fish.—Vivid Phosphorescence of Deep-Sea Animals.—Deep- 
Sea Shark Fishery.—The “ Challenger.” 
Tue wanderer to distant lands sees himself gradually surrounded 
by a new world of animals and plants. On crossing the Alps, for 
instance, the well-known vegetable forms of our native country 
leave us one after the other; the beech, the fir, the oak, no 
longer meet the eye, or appear but rarely, and of more stunted 
growth, while in their stead citron and olive-trees decorate the 
landscape; and finally, on the shores of the Mediterranean the 
world of palms begins to disclose its beauties. 
Thus during a long journey our early companions drop off 
one after the other, until at last we see ourselves surrounded by 
«crowd of new associates, who were strangers to us at the begin- 
ning of our pilgrimage. 
We may cross the earth from pole to pole, or follow tne sun 
in his diurnal course; in all directions, from north to south and 
from east to west, Nature will be found to change her garments 
as we proceed, and never to resume again those she has once 
cast off. The plants and animals of the temperate and cold 
regions of the north are different from those of the analogous 
regions in the southern hemisphere; and in the tropical zone 
each part of the world nourishes its peculiar inhabitants. 
Similar changes meet our eye on ascending from the plains ta 
the summits of high mountains. At the foot of Etna flourishes 
the luxuriant vegetation of a warmer sky, the palmetto . Chaima- 
rops humilis) and the pomegranate, even the cotton shrub and 
the sugar-cane; higher up, the cool shade of magnificent chestnut 
woods refreshes our path; then follows the stately oak; until finally 
we attain the dreary height where all vegetation ceases in the 
Ei 2 
