INDEX. 
LIF 
Life—continued. 
— influences which regulate the distri- 
bution of marine life, 407 
—the four bathymetrical zones of 
marine life on the British coasts, 
according to the late Professor 
Edward Forbes, of Edinburgh, 408 
— first wakening of life in the bosom 
of the ocean, 485 
Lighthouses, 80 
— the Eddystone lighthouse, 81 
— the Bellrock, or Inchcape, lighthouse, 
85 
— the Skerryvore lighthouse, 85-89 
— the Pharus of Alexandria, 89 
— progress of marine illumination, 90 
Lily encrinites, 340 
Limacina arctica, 298 
Limits of the ocean, progressive changes 
in the, 9 
— Goodwin Sands, 19 
— alluvial deposits, 10 
— upheaving of coasts, 10 
— subsidence, 10 
— temple of Serapis, 11 
— level of the sea everywhere the same, 
11 
Limnorie, 247 
Limpet, 285, 294 
Limuli, or king-crabs, 246 
Ling, 215, 415 
Lingthorn, 335 
Lithophytes, 373 
Liverpool Docks, 91 
Lizards of the sea, 178, 181 
— serpent-lizard, 435 
Lobsters, 256, 257 
Loggerheaded duck or goose, 148 
London Docks, 91 
Long-tailed duck, 148 
Lophobranchii, the, 233 
Louse, whale, 101 
Lucernaride, 350 
Luminous marine animals, 418 
Lump-sucker, 415 
\ ACKEREL, 222 
Macrocystis pyrifera, 393 
Mr. Darwin's description of it at 
Tierra del Fuego, 393, 396 
Madeira, depth of the sea near, 1 
— discovery of, 505 
Maelstrom, the, 41 
Magellan, Ferdinand, his discoveries, 
467, 468 
Magellan’s Straits, discovery of, 468 
— — harmony of animal life in the 
islands of, 490 
Magilus antiquus, 291 
Malacea Islands, discovery of the, 462 
519 
MAR 
Malo, St., high tides of, 38 
Mammaria scintillans, 275 
Manatee, the, 116 
Mantis crab, spotted, 256 
Marco Polo, his travels and discoveries, 
453 
Maritime discovery, progress of, 441 
— discoveries of the Phenicians, 443 
— expedition of Hanno, 444 
— circumnayigation of Africa, under 
Pharaoh Necho II., 444 
— Ophir, 339 
— Coleus of Samos and Pytheas of 
Massilia, 340 
— expedition of Nearchus, 447 
— cireumnayigation of Hindostan, un- 
der the Ptolemies, 447 
— voyages of discovery of the Romans, 
453 
— consequences of the fallof the Roman 
empire, 448 
— Amalfi, 449 
— Pisa, Venice, and Genoa, 449 
— resumption of maritime intercourse 
between the Mediterranean and 
the Atlantic, 451 
— discovery of the compass, 451 
— Marco Polo, 453 
— other discoveries, 453 
— Prince Henry of Portugal, 454 
— discovery of Porto Santoand Madeira, 
455 
— doubling of Cape Bojador, 455 
— discovery of the Azores, 456 
— the line crossed for the first time, 456 
— Benin and Congo discovered, 456 
— and the Cape of Good Hope, 457 
— discovery of America, 457 
— and of Iceland, 457 
— Greenland, 457 
— discoveries of John and Sebastian 
Cabot, 459 
— retrospective view of the beginnings 
of English navigation, 461 
— Ojeda and Amerigo Vespucci, 460 
— Vincent Yafiez Pinson, 460 
— Cortes, 461 
— Verazzani, 461 
— Jacques Cartier, 461 
— the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean, 
462 
— Balboa’s discovery of the Pacific 
Ocean, 466 
— Magellan, 467 
— Sebastian el Cano, the first cireum- 
navigator of the globe, 469 
— Pizarro and Cortes, 470 
— Urdaneta, 472 
— Juan Fernandez, 473 
— Mendoza, 473 
~- Drake, 473 
