188 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 



exist in certain localities of the promontory of Cabot's 

 Head." 



Of the mining places above alluded to by Mr. Logan, 

 the Bruce mines, situated on the main shore behind the 

 island of St. Joseph, are the principal; and, in 1849, when 

 I was returning to Canada in the month of September, 

 and had an opportunity of visiting them, 160 people were 

 there employed, forming, with their families, a consider- 

 able village population. Mr. Logan calculated that 250 

 tons of dressed ore might be raised monthly, yielding, at 

 an average, about 15 per cent, of copper. At present, 

 fuel for mining purposes is obtained from the Pennsyl- 

 vania coal-field, through the port of Cleveland, on Lake 

 Erie ; but, ere long, the coal district in Saginaw Bay, 

 on the south side of Lake Huron, will become the smelt- 

 ing place for both the Huron and Lake Superior 

 minerals. 



To complete the outline of the north bank of the 

 St. Lawrence valley, Ave may state that the primitive 

 rocks continued from Lake Huron to the outlet of Lake 

 Superior, form there the bold promontory of Big Cape 

 (Gros Cap), which is a mass of flesh-coloured granite and 

 porphyry rising 700 feet above the water. Point Iro- 

 quois, on the opposite side, three miles distant, is 600 feet 

 high, has a more table-shaped summit, and from its base 

 a line of low sandy beach stretches away on the south 

 side, sending out a projecting tongue named " White-Fish 

 Point." The north shore, as seen from Big Cape, presents 

 a grand and finely varied coast line, deeply indented by 

 Goulais and Batchewaung Bays, with the promontory of 

 Mamainse, composed of rugged and crumbling amyg- 

 daloid, dipping into the wide expanse of waters on the 

 north-west. The granitic ridge which skirts the bottoms 

 of these bays comes out in bold cliffs on both sides of 



