PROGRESS OF THE SEASONS AT FORT WILLIAM. 227 



the 23rd they ceased spawning. Frosty nights. 

 Potatoes not hurt. 26th. Corregonus lucidus spawn- 

 ing in the river. 



Nov. 10. Ice beginning to drift in the river. 18th. The large 

 trout and Corregonus cdbus cease to spawn here 

 at this time, though they carry on this operation 

 later in other parts of the lake. 



Dec. 3. Ice broken up in the river. Little snow lying on the 

 ground. 13th. River again frozen over. Season 

 mild. 



Phenomena indicating the Progress of the Seasons at 

 Fort William, Lake Superior, in the year 1840. 



Feb. 29. Thermometer at noon rose to 39° F. 



March!. Temperature 61° in the middle of the day. On 

 the 27th a grey hawk, and on the 31st a barking 

 crow, Corvus americanus, were seen. 



April 2. The sap of the sugar maple began to run. On the 4th 

 small holes began to perforate the ice. On the 

 9th the first wild ducks of the season came, and on 

 the 10th butterflies, blue flies, and gulls were noticed. 

 2t0h. The general thaw commences at this period. 

 Ground frozen to the depth of 3 feet 9 inches. 21st. 

 Anser canadensis, Anas boschas, and mergansers 

 frequenting the neighbourhood. 28th. Heard a 

 nightingale (Ticrdus?). 30th. River partially open. 



May 2. River free of ice. Bay of the lake full of drift 

 ice. 6th. Anser hyperboreus passing in flocks. 

 8th. Moschetoes seen. 10th. The birch tree and 

 maple budding. 



June 15. Swallows building in the outhouses. 17th. Stur- 

 geons spawning in the rapids of the river. 19th. 

 Catastomi beginning to descend the river from the 

 rapids. 21st. Corregonus lucidus comes to the en- 

 trance of the river in shoals. 

 0. 2 



