PROGRESS OF SEASONS AT CUMBERLAND HOUSE. 235 



In the following Table of Phenomena, indicating the 

 Progress of the Seasons at Cumberland House, I have 

 combined my own observations in the spring of 1820 

 with those of chief factor John Lee Lewis, in 1839 and 

 1840, distinguishing the remarks by the years. The sup- 

 posed altitude of Cumberland House above the sea is 

 900 feet, according to Captain Lefroy's calculations. 



March 4. Water collecting in pools round the establishment. 

 1840. 



7. Much bare ground visible. 



8. The snow which covered the ground to the depth 



of three feet, was observed to moisten in the sun 

 for the first time this season. 1820. 



12. Temperature in the shade rose for the first time to 

 + 30° F. The melting snow began to drop from 

 the eaves of the houses. 



21. Patches of earth became visible, the season being 

 in respect to the melting of the snow fourteen days 

 later than that of 1840. The river Saskatchewan 

 broke up partially, the melting snow covered with 

 Podurce, as it is also frequently in the autumn. 



24. A white-headed eagle was seen, this being almost 

 always the first of the summer birds which arrives ; 

 it comes as soon as it can obtain fish. In 1840, 

 the first eagle was seen on the 26th. 

 April 2. The river Saskatchewan froze over again, after some 

 very cold days. 



7. Barking crows (Corvus americanus) seen. They 



were not observed till the 19th in 1840. 



8. First snow bunting seen {Emberiza nivalis). 1840. 



9. A merganser seen. 1 820. 



10. Willow catkins beginning to burst. 



12. Geese and swans seen in 1820. In 1840 they were 

 not seen till the 20th ; and pelicans and ducks 

 were observed that year on the 21st. 



