236 CLIMATOLOGY. 



April 13. Buds of Populus balsamifera bursting. 1820. 



17. Plovers, grakles, and orioles seen, and, on the follow- 

 ing day, Canadian jays and fly-catchers. Frogs 

 croaking. 



20. Coltsfoot, Nardosmia palmata flowering. 



26. Alder flowering. The sugar harvest, which is col- 

 lected in this district from the Negundo fraxini- 

 folium, commenced in 1820, on the 20th of this 

 month, and lasted till the 10th of May. The flow 

 of the sap is greatly influenced by the direct action 

 of the sun, and is greatest when a smart night's 

 frost is succeeded by a warm sun-shining day. 

 The flow ceases in a cold night. 



28. The Saskatchewan thoroughly broken up. The ice 

 on Pine Island Lake did not disappear until nearly 

 a month afterwards. Wahlenberg observes that the 

 mean temperature of the air in Lapland must rise 

 to 40° F. before the rivers are completely free. 

 The Saskatchewan opens in this district before 

 the mean heat for ten days rises so high ; but its 

 upper part flows from a more southerly and warmer, 

 though a more elevated, country. 



30. Commenced ploughing. 1840. 

 Way 1. Anemone patens, or wind flower, in blossom, its leaves 

 not yet expanded. 1820. 

 2. A fall of snow to the depth of two feet. 1 840. 



13. Planting potatoes. 



14. Sowing barley. 1820. Negundo fraxinifolium and 



gooseberry bushes in flower. 

 17. Willows, gooseberries, aspens (Poptdus tremidoides 



in leaf. Various Drabce in flower. 1820. In 



1840 the trees were bursting their buds at this 



time. 

 17. Wheat sown on the 8th of this month, above ground 



to-day, having germinated in nine days. 1840. 



21. Barley sown on the 14th above ground, having taken 



seven days to germinate. 



