PHENOMENA OF SFRING AT CARLTON HOUSE. 239 



April 6. Geese arrived. Stormy weather, about the middle 

 of the month, retarded the arrival of the summer 

 birds ; but the plants continued to grow fast. On 

 the 20th, the Telltale plover (Charadrius vociferus) 

 and several small birds came. 

 22. Turdus migratorius, Pyrrluda ludoviciana, and 

 Lanius excubitor were seen, and the flowers of 

 Anemone patens expanded. 



27. Ice in the river Saskatchewan gave way. Frogs 



began to croak. 



28. Canada cranes (Grus canadensis) ai'rived. 



May 1. Sturnus ludovicianus arrived, and the last flocks of 

 Emberiza nivalis departed for the north. 

 2. On this day, Icterus p/ioeniceus and Scolecophagus 

 ferrugineus were seen, and most of the water-fowl 

 had by this time arrived. On the 4th, Phlox hoodii 

 flowered. 



5. Ranunculus rhomboideus, Viola debilis, JS"ardosmia 



palmata, and several carices flowered. 



6. Hirundo viridis and many gulls arrived. 



7. On this day the sap of the ash-leaved maple, which 



had flowed scantily for ten days, ceased to run 

 altogether, and the sugar harvest closed. Avocetta 

 americana arrived. JPopulus tremuloides in flower. 

 9. Crow-blackbirds were first seen. Corydalis aurea, 

 Corylus americana and rostrata, Hippophae cana- 

 densis, Thermopsis rhombifolia, Vesicaria arctica, 

 and Alnus viridis flowered. 12th. Potentilla con- 

 cinna, Townsendia sericea flowered. 14th. Goose- 

 berry bushes coming into leaf Ash-leaved maple 

 flowering, seven days after the sap had ceased to 

 flow from wounds in the stem. 16th. The Picus 

 varius arrived in considerable numbers, and on the 

 19th the Viola nuttalliana flowered. 



The average antecedence of spring phenomena at Carlton 



