LIST OF TREES AND SHRUBS. 293 



continent, and is found on the summits of the Rocky Mountains 

 between latitudes 52° and 56° ; in Unalashka, on the shores of 

 Beering's Straits, and on the most northern promontories of 

 the continent. Near the Arctic Sea it is a common plant on 

 mossy plains, but produces fruit there only in fine seasons. The 

 fruit, which has a rich honey flavour, pei'ishes with the early 

 frosts. It is perhaps the most delicious of the arctic berries when 

 in perfection, but cloys if eaten in quantity. R. stellatus, re- 

 sembling the preceding, has been found only at Foggy Harbour 

 on the north-west coast. R. arctieus and R. acaulis inhabit the 

 shores of Hudson's Bay, Labrador, and the country westward 

 to Kotzebue Sound. Their southern limit seems to be in the 

 Saskatchewan basin, in about lat. 53°. On many parts of 

 the flat beaches of Slave and Mackenzie Rivers the lively red 

 flowers of R. acaulis cover large patches of ground which are 

 partially flooded by small rivulets. In woods the last-mentioned 

 species has a stouter growth, and emits long flagelli which run 

 among the mosses. 



Potent ilia fruticosa, the shrubby cinquefoil, grows abund- 

 antly from the northern states to the Arctic Sea, by river banks 

 as well as in the most exposed and elevated situations. It 

 occurs in the high valleys of the Rocky Mountains, at Pelly 

 Banks on the west side of that range, and in Kotzebue Sound. 

 On the Coppermine River near the sea it is almost herbaceous, 

 the woody stem being extremely short and subterranean. 



Rosa wooalsii, R. Carolina, R. blanda, R. cinnamomea, R. 

 majalis, and R. stricta grow in the wooded districts ; but, from 

 their similarity to each other, their respective limits have not 

 been ascertained. R. blanda was found flowering freely near 

 the mouth of the Mackenzie on the 69th parallel. This species 

 and R. cinnamomea cross to the Pacific coast. R. woodsii and 

 majalis have been traced as far north as the Mackenzie. R. 

 nitida and lucida grow in Newfoundland and in the New Eng- 

 land States. R. fraxinifolia is confined to the Pacific coast ; 

 and R. laevigata has not been found beyond Lake Huron. R. 

 setigera, a fine climbing rose, grows from Ohio to Wisconsin, 

 but has not been detected to the north of the great lakes. 



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