294 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PLANTS. 



Cratcegns punctata, clotted thorn, is found everywhere in the 

 Northern States, extends northwards to Wisconsin, and crosses 

 the continent to the coast of the Pacific ; but has not, so far as 

 I have learnt, been found within the British territory. C. 

 glandulosa occurs in Canada, and northwards to the south side 

 of the Saskatchewan basin ; probably also on the Pacific coast. 

 C. coccinea, scarlet-fruited thorn, is a common low tree in the 

 Northern States ; was found by Lieut. Abert, as far south as 

 Stranger Creek, in lat. 39° ; and extends to Wisconsin and the 

 great lakes. C. cordata, Washington thorn, is supposed by 

 Dr. Asa Gray to have been introduced into New England, but 

 to grow wild in Pennsylvania and the more southern states. 

 It is found from Canada to the Saskatchewan and the valleys of 

 the Rocky Mountains, and about the sources of the Columbia, 

 in between lat. 52° and 54°. The Cratcegi flourish on the banks 

 of Rainy and Winipeg Rivers ; but are scarce further north. 

 Mertens found several in the forest lands of Sitka. Amelanchier 

 canadensis (botryajnum et oralis), shad-bush and service- 

 berry, is La Poire of the voyagers, the Misass-ku-tu-mina of 

 the Crees, and the Tche-ki-eh of the Dog-ribs. This shrub ex- 

 tends along the banks of rivers nearly as far northwards as the 

 woods go, and produces fruit up to the 65th parallel on the Mac- 

 kenzie. It is common in the Northern States, in Nova Scotia, 

 Newfoundland, and Labrador, and westward to the Pacific. 

 The black fruit is about the size of a pea, is well tasted, dries 

 well, and in that state is mixed with pemican, or used for 

 making puddings : for which purpose it nearly equals the Zante 

 currant. Its wood, being tough, is used by the natives for 

 making arrows and pipe-stems, and has obtained on that account 

 the name of bois defleche from the voyagers ; but in the United 

 States the name of arrow wood is given to a different tree. 

 The variety or species named A. sanguined was traced up to the 

 60th parallel. 



Pyrus rivularis, Powitch tree, inhabits Oregon and Van- 

 couver's Island. Its fruit is edible, and its wood, which is hard 

 enough to take a fine polish, is used for wedges. P. ameri- 

 cana, the American mountain ash, is found on the southern 

 parts of the Alleghanies, and more commonly in the swamps 



