LIST OF TREES AND SHRUBS. 309 



be of no value. Dr. Asa Gray has not traced U. fulva on the 

 Atlantic side of the Alleghanies further south than Maryland. 

 Celtis occidentalis, sugarberry or hackberry, is common in the 

 Northern States, and extends to Wisconsin and to the Oregon, 

 but was not seen by us on the north side of Lake Superior. 



Juglandine^e. — Juglans cinerea, butter-nut ; J. nigra, black 

 walnut ; Carya alba, shell bark or shag bark hickory ; C. amara, 

 bitter nut or swamp hickory ; and C. glabra, pig nut or broom 

 hickory, reach Wisconsin and the basin of the St. Lawrence, 

 but were not seen by us north of Lake Superior. 



Cupulifeile. — Quercus obtusiloba vel stellata, post oak, 

 abounds in Texas as far as San Antonio de Bexar, wherever 

 any hard wood grows. It was traced with Q. rubra, red oak, as 

 far as the River Winipeg. Of the latter, Dr. Asa Gray says 

 that he does not know whether it extends to Texas or not. It 

 is a good-sized tree in the Northern States, and common in rocky 

 woods. Q. alba, white oak. This, a most valuable forest tree 

 in the Northern States, ranges northwards to Lake Winipeg, 

 where it has a crooked and rather unsightly growth of 20 feet. 

 Michaux states that its southern limit is in Florida ; but I do 

 not find it in the lists of plants gathered by Messrs. Emory and 

 Abert in their journeys from Fort Leavenworth on the Missouri 

 to North Mexico and California. Q. bannisteri ; Q. tinctoria, 

 quercitron or black oak ; Q. macrocarpa, burr oak ; Q. bicolor, 

 swamp oak; Q.p?-i?ws, swamp chesnut oak ; and Q.palustris, pin 

 oak, grow in Canada or Wisconsin, but were not detected by us 

 to the north of the great lakes, with the exception perhaps of 

 Q. macrocarpa, since I gathered the immature acorns of an 

 oak resembling this on Rainy River. Q. garryana inhabits 

 Oregon northwards to Puget Sound, is a tree which reaches 

 80 feet in height, and is well adapted for shipbuilding. 



Fagus ferruginea et sylvestris, American beech : is said by 

 Pursh to range southwards to Florida ; it ceases at Mackinac on 

 Lake Huron, and does not grow on Lake Superior, but re- 

 appears further to the north-west on the Red River of Lake 

 Winipeg, beyond which it was not seen. Carpinus americana, 

 hornbeam, blue or water beach, called also iron wood, inhabits 



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