33 THE MOUNTAINEER 



Glaciers. Althouiih the snowfall was very heavy, they rei)()it tliat no 

 glaciers were found, even upon Mt. Olympus, and no streams showed ulacial 

 oriji'in. 



Topography. The topographic map of the region prepared by Capt. 

 Barnes locates the principal ranges, peaks and stream valleys. The ele- 

 vations of some of the prominent peaks are given as follows: Mt. Olympns, 

 8,550 feet: Mt. Seattle, 7,700 feet; IMount Christie, 7,450 feet. 



The Bailey Range forms the backbone of the Olympics, and the other 

 ranges are irregularly grouped about it. This range, with ]\It. Seattle and 

 Mt. Christie, form the watershed from which the Elwha Hows north, the 

 Quinault south, and the Quilliayute west. 



Mt. Olympus is placed southw^est of Geyser Valley, about midway 

 between the Elwha and the Quilliayute rivers. No large streams were 

 found tlowing from it. 



The Burke range divides the waters of the Elwha and its tributaries 

 from the waters of the Skokomish. 



Quiniault Valley. Of those explored, the Quiniault is the largest and 

 most important. Beginning at the Alexander River, it extends to the 

 ocean. Above the lake it contains about 15,000 acres of tillable land, and 

 lies right to get the sun. Below the lake there are probably 50,000 acres of 

 tillable land. 



. . . .Press Valley. The largest valley on the Elwha is Press Valley. It is 

 thirty miles long, and from one to three miles wide, containing about 14,0O0 

 acres. It rises from 1,800 feet above sea level at the lower end, to 2,500 feet 

 elevation at the upper end. The timber is large and heavy, the soil good, 

 the surface level at the upper end, at the lower slightly rolling. Small 

 alder bottoms are numerous. 



Quilliayute. The headwaters of the Quilliayute are in a deep canyon. 

 Between the part shown on the map and the settlements at the houth, its 

 character is unknown. 



Geyser Valley. Geyser Valley is about four miles long and one mile 

 broad at the widest part. The river runs broad and deep through it, and 

 it is covered with large timber. 



Lake Quiniault, on United States land office maps, extends nearly north 

 and south, instead of northeast to southwest, as located by the Press party. 

 The lake is shown on the west side, while the Press party map locates it 

 about the middle of the southern side. 



Names. About fifty names were given to ranges, peaks, rivers and val- 

 leys. 



Geology. The following concerning the geology of the Olympics is 

 from Capt. Barnes' observations. He says: 



"The coast strip and foothills are basaltic formation. Upon the Ehvha 

 this formation extends to the base of Olympus. We observed here no rock 

 in place other than basalt or trap. From the base of the Olympics the form- 

 ation changes abruptly to slate, sandstone, gravel and marl." 



"Granite in place was seen but once— on Belle River, high up on the 

 mountain side. The strata are tilted at angles varying from 45° to 90°. 

 75° and 85°. 



being the most common angles. They are seldom found at an angle of 

 45°. The "strike" is, in most canyons, at right angles to the river's course. 

 The folding is often very complex. 



Being set up on edge as they are, the Elwha canyons expose them 

 for examination in ideal position. 



