22 Tlie Mountaineer 



branches, the eastern being the broader. The ice has 

 here shrunk away from the moraine, and is now fully 

 100 feet below its crest. 



Emmons {or White) Glacier, [Plate 20.] 

 [White Glacier is the longest in the United States.] 



Below The Wedge and Little Tahoma, Emmons Gla- 

 cier is a well-defined ice stream, about five miles in 

 length, with bold, rocky cliffs on each side. The glacier 

 becomes heavily charged with debris along its borders 

 from the adjacent cliffs, and in the lower portion of 

 its course is completely covered with stones and dirt 

 on either side. These lateral moraines become broader 

 and broader toward the terminus of the glacier, leaving 

 a tapering lane-like tongue of clear ice between, but be- 

 fore the terminus is reached the ice over the entire sur- 

 face is concealed by a continuous sheet of brown and 

 barren debris. 



The tongue of clear ice near the extremity of the 

 glacier is some two or three miles long, and much of the 

 way about one-third the width of the valley. 



Emmons Glacier, like all the other primary glaciers 

 on Mount Rainier, is evidently wasting away and its 

 terminus receding. 



Ingraham Glacier. 



The portion of the neve descending the east side of 

 the central dome of Mount Rainier, to the right or 

 south of Little Tahoma, forms a primary glacier of an 

 abnormal type. This w^ell-defined ice stream does not 

 descend the mountain slope in a direct course, but is 

 deflected southward or becomes tributary to Cowlitz 

 Glacier. 



On approaching its junction with Cowlitz Glacier, 

 Ingraham Glacier descends a precipice about 800 feet 

 high and forms a fine ice cascade. 



